Research On The Poverty Problem Of State-owned Forest Region In Inner Mongolia

State-owned forest regions are important strategic bases of timber production and ecological construction in China. In the 1970s and 1980s, there has been "two crises" dilemma-crisis of forest resources and enterprise economic, construction stalled, and workers living were in difficult. In order to solve the problem, the state and state-owned forest region carried out a series of exploration, but because of accumulation of the long history, situation of poverty and backwardness have not fundamentally changed. Currently, the research focused on the study about rural poverty. National poverty reduction policies also mainly implemented in rural areas, and has not covered by state-owned forest regions. Based on the background, this dissertation study state-owned forest region in Inner Mongolia, theoretical and empirical analysis its poverty problem, try to answer two questions. First, how did poverty of state-owned forest region in Inner Mongolia happen? Which stage it appeared? What were the characteristics? What is its mechanism of formation? Second, how is the scope and extent of poverty? What are main factors of the poverty? How to solve the poverty problem in this particular area effectively?According to the theory of welfare economics, poverty affects improvement of social and economic welfare. As the main line, this paper study poverty problem of state-owned forest region in Inner Mongolia. From the perspective of utilization and change of forest resources, narrative the development process of state-owned forest region in Inner Mongolia. Poverty appeared with the reduction of recoverable forest resources. The poverty were reflected in several aspects, such as, low level and growth rate of the output value, irrational industrial structure, low wage of workers in the post, difficult lives of laid-off workers, low standard of infrastructure, and so on. The poverty has these features, largely dependent on forest resources, lack of personal production, the enterprise shoulder more social responsibility, low levels of human capital, and so on.On these basis, use development economics, new institutional economics, and regional economics theory to analysis the poverty mechanism from the macro and micro aspects. Macro aspect, lack of recoverable forest resources lead to changes of industrial structure and crisis of enterprise economic. Property rights arrangements result in state-owned forest enterprises burden heavily on society, low production efficiency, scarcity of personal production. Disadvantages of natural location result in insufficient development of alternative industries and low productivity of woodland. And lack of national investment and support. Micro aspects, low level of personal education, health, and social capital are the main cause of poverty. These factors together led to the incidence of poverty.Poverty in state-owned forest region in the Inner Mongolia also performed two aspects, regional and individual poverty. Use theory and methods of poverty measurement to empirical analysis poverty from the two aspects.Poverty is a complex social-economic problem. Establish a comprehensive system of poverty indicators, including economic, social and ecological aspects, a total of 22 indicators. Select the data of 27 forestry enterprise from 2004 to 2014,. use factor analysis to evaluation of the poverty, extract 8 common factors. Results show that, (1)The main leading factor are industry and resource factors, and forest resources ecological potential factors. The two factors contributed for comprehensive poverty up to 40%. (2)Development varies in different regions in the state-owned forest area in Inner Mongolia. Wuchagou is the area, of highest degree poverty,0.784. Honghuaerji is the area, of lowest poverty,-0.527. Used clustering analysis method to classify the areas into five kinds by the degree of poverty:severe, moderate, slightly, out of poverty, and rich areas. (3)Common factor scores are different in regions. In two stages, the degree of poverty and relative ranking position also have changed.Individual poverty not only mean income poverty, but also show in many aspects,education, health, and life. Study individual poverty from two angles,income poverty and multidimensional poverty. (1)Annual per capital income of 7644 yuan as the poverty line, use FGT index to calculate breadth and extent of poverty. The results show that, the poverty rate was 8.07%, the poverty gap was 19.63%, squared poverty gap index was 0.64%. Integrated poverty index was 0.79%. (2)Establish an multidimensional poverty measurement index system, including education, health, living standards, three dimensions,total of 8 indicators. If there were three or more indicators is poor in family,the family is multidimensional poor household.From the one-dimensional view of poverty, bathroom is the highest incidence of poverty,50.9%, followed by,drinking water 46.13%, fuel 43.49%, housing 33.11%. Multidimensional poverty rate was 43.16%, the average deprivation index was 30.17%. (3)Poverty or not as the dependent variable, select the number of workers, age of household head, level of education, community location and other family characteristics as independent variables, establish logistic econometric models, empirical analysis the factors of poverty. The results show that, number of on-the-job worker, cadre or no, by-business or no, and age have significant influence on household income, but only the number of on-the-job worker has a significant effect on income poverty. If increase 1 on-the-job worker, the probability of income poverty will reduce 1.8989. Cadre family or no is the most significant factor for multidimensional poverty. If there is an cadre in the family, the probability of multidimensional poverty reduced 1.4160. Community the family located, the number of on-the-job worker, and age of householder also have significant influence on family multidimensional poverty.The government, state-owned forest region, individual took a series of policy measures, by protection and cultivation of forest resources, improve the level of infrastructure, improve the social security system, and promote social and economic development. Promote the antipoverty and achieved some achievement. However, these measures have some flaws, narrow coverage, different targets of parties, focusing on putting in funds, instead of development, and other issues. Under background of climate change, economic new normal, state-owned forest poverty Inner Mongolia is also facing financial difficulties and the challenges of employment pressure. Anti-poverty should be in an important position of ecological civilization construction in state-owned forest region. The policy should translate from mainly in relief policy to relief policy as the base and mainly in development-oriented policy, shift towards multifaceted relief from income poverty relief. Anti-poverty has huge externals, market is profit-driven, the development of state-owned forest is inferiority, so rely a party can not achieve goals of comprehensive anti-poverty and sustainable development. Continue to nurture and protect the forest resources as the main task, establish an anti-poverty mechanism of government-market oriented, state-owned forest participate in, based on economic theory. Government’s main role are to reform and perfect the mechanism of public service and products, to develop anti-poverty policies and regulations, poverty criteria, poverty measurement and impact assessment. On the basis of government full functions, market will promote industrial diversification, foster growth pole, adjust the industrial layout, promote economic composition and diversification. State-owned forest poverty participate in poverty by providing specific information, improving the quality of labor to provide the labor force for the industrial development, so as to improve the ability of independent anti-poverty. Proposed to further improve the social security system, establish mechanism of ecological compensation, speed up the pace of state-owned forest region reform, creation of national parks system.