Research On Industry Development And Vicissitudes Of The Ecological Environment In South Of Jiangsu Province During The Repulic Period

The industry development in southern Jiangsu in mordern time can date back to the middle and later periods of the Ming Dynasty when the captalism has generated。New employment relationship has been established in testile industry in Suzhou and Wuxi City and the cptalism production relationship tended to be positive in Southern Jiangsu。By the 1950s, this area has become the main war field where Taiping troops and Qing troops fought there。Hence, the economy has been destroy by the long-term war and the bud of the industry ceased to grow。Westernization Group headed by Guofan Zeng, Hongzhang Li and Zhidong Zhang started to launch a new-type enterprise when the wa has not been over yet。These new enterpeises were mainly divided to those run by the government, those run by merchants under the supervision of the government, or joint enterprises by the government and merchants。They have positive influence on the industry modernization and represent one attempt to help China realize industrilization。The Southern Jiangsu has kept ahead during the industry modernization relying on its advancing location, rich natural and labor resources and broad market with the aid of advantegous policies。The traditional industries like cotton textile industry and silk reeling industry continued to develop。The newly-born industries like flour industry also made rapid progress。The cotton textile industry, silk reeling industry and flour industry were the three major industries in Southern Jiangsu。The south of Jiangsu Province has witnessed a rapid development on industry during the Repulic Period, where enterprises in all trades, e.g. paper-making factory, tannery, electric power plant, textile mill, were established。These industries have promoted the economic development as well as changed the environment。The hazardous wastes discharged by the industires, including raw waste water, gas and solides, will bring a heavy damsge to the ecological balance, leading to the vicissiude of animals and plants。This does not only harm the natural resources and agriculture, but also endanger the people's health as the toxic pollutants in the industry "three wastes" are hard to remove and observe。As convenient transportation is necessary for the industry, the innovation on means of transport made this necessity possible。That the wooden boats were replaced by steam ones and especially the rise of the railway connected the economy in Southern Jiangsu with that in Shanghai as a whole。Under the radiation and promotion of Shanghai, the industry in Southern Jiangsu stands out in the country。The cities along the important lines of communications meet a new round of development opportunity。It is undeniable that the modern enterprises mainly depend on the natural resources rather than the technology with simple equipment. The factories to make matches, paper, wooden wares and combs have comsumed large quantities of forest resources. Moreover, mineral resources were exploit in large scale。Yixing city is called as "City of Ceramics" because its ceramics industry develop fast in the light of local conditions.In the early stage of economic development, people often satisfy their basic consumption demand by production and do not care about ecological environment. During this stage, the environment quality is considered as public goods and its capacity is not deployed rationally as a scare resource。That's the reason why people take possession of public resources without restriction。As the outcome of external economy, the environment will unavoidably be polluted in the primary and maturation stage of industrilization。Because of the limited environment capacity, the activities that put more emphasis on the economy than the environment gradually damage the environment greatly。The environmental deterioration turns the environment into a scarce goods from the original free goods。After their basic consumption demands are satisfied, people then begin to pursue a higher level of environment quality.The enterprises have experienced a hard time during the Republic Period so that they do not consider to treat pollution any more based on the economy index。The waste water and other wastes were discharged directly into the nature without any treatment。There was no sense of potecting the environment at all。With the growth of economy, people gradually get aware of and emphasize the environment treatment and protection issue. Nitrogen, phosphorus and permanganate are the major pollutants that pollute the water in Taihu Lake。Take the pollution index of permanganate as an example。The content of permanganate in the water of Taihu Lake was 1。9mg/L and ranked between GradeⅠ(clean) andⅡ(relatively clean) at the beginning of 1950s。It can be seen that the water quality in this lake tends to deteriorate。The blue-green algae, which scattered in Taihu Lake in the later period of the Repulic Period, indicates that the water is rich in nutrient。That's an important standard to determine whether the water is polluted or not。The population concentration in the city and expansion of city scale resulting from the development of industry bring a rapid increase and relatively concentration in life and industrial wastes。As a result, local even serious pollution is caused in the living, working and city environment.The environment pollution and over consumption of resources break the original ecological balance, leading to the frequent happening of natural disaters。"The society itself is a balanced, ordered and stable organization structure under normal social conditions。The diasters break the state of the society and place the society in a unbalanced, disorderly and unstable state。" The diasters will definitely influence the Southern Jiangsu, after which people's immune function will decrease because of material shortage so that diseases, e.g. typhoid, cholera, relapsing fever and malaria are prevalent。The deterioration of ecological environment will increase the frequency of natural diasters, while the frequent diasters furthermore worsen the environment。Thus a vicious circle is created。The frequent diasters drew the attention of the knowing people in the society with Sun Yat-sen as their leader during the Republic Period。Due to their promotion, people get more awared of the environement protection。The Republic of China has organized a forestry authority and issued Forest Law and Game Law, which provide legal basis for the forest resources。The frequent diasters lead to the decrease of life quality of people and weaken the body of people。The plague usually strike the diaster area after the diasters and cause a social panic, so the government attach due importance to it。Based on the health care facilities, the Republic of China has made a further improvement and issued laws and regulations where rewards or punishment measures are specified, which to a certain extent stop the spread of the diseases in a wider scope.