Studies On The Influence Of Meteorological Factors On The Forest Disease And Insect Pests In Heilongjiang Province

Global climate change has a profound impact on human survival and development. Climatic and environmental changes also affect forest pest's occurrence and development law. With the emergence of extreme weather, the disaster risk of forest pests in Heilongjiang province are increasing, and the foreign forest pests are expanding the range of hazards tendency with the climate warming.The variation law of meteorological factors and the relationship between meteorological factors and the species changes, harm extents and of distribution of the forest pests in Heilongjiang Province were studied based on the relevant data and field survey data in this paper using the ecology, statistics, management theory, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative research and practice of integration approach. At the same time, the corresponding strategy war put forward. The main results were as follows.Overall, the annual mean temperature changed consistently, presenting as fluctuations in the upward trend in13ground measurement and report stations in Heilongjiang province in1971-2009years. The annual mean minimum temperature and annual mean maximum temperature presented as progressive wave rising trend in Heilongjiang Province, but the annual average highest temperature appeared sharply rising trend in Heilongjiang province in2008and2009. The average annual humidity overall decreased, and the total precipitation varied generally and smoothly. The precipitation distribution in each measuring point was uneven. The sunshine duration was relatively stable around the cities of the province.The annual average temperature was rising in the forest pests predicting stations in Heilongjiang province forestry from1971to2009. In this period, the species of forest pests also showed a tendency to increase in Heilongjiang province, adding5kinds of insect pests, such as Zeuzera pyrina Staudinger et Rebel,Tarsolepis japonica Wileman&South,Massicus raddei Blessig, Arge nigrinodosa Motsculsky and Rhodinia zankowskii Oberthur as new occurrence.The annual average temperature, annual average lowest temperature and annual mean maximum temperature raised in the forest pests predicting stations in Heilongjiang province from1971to2009. The distribution range of Mycosphaerella laricleptolepis K. Ito et K. Sato, Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fish, Coryneum populinum Bres, Paranthrene tabaniformis Rott., Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, Xylotrecuchs rusticus Linnaeus, Massicus raddei Blessig and Rhynchaenus empopulifolis Chen was significantly expand。The annual average temperature and the occurrence amount of forest pests significantly correlated, and the linear regression equation was:y=85556x-56738(R=0.864).Annual average lowest temperature, annual mean maximum temperature and occurrence of forest pests were not correlated. The annual precipitation and the occurrence amount of forest pests negatively correlated from2002to2009, the linear regression equation was:y=-1064x+81020.By the analysis of correlation coefficient test in variance analyisis.R value is0.812, greater than0.707(critical value).Through the R test, the linear relation between the precipitation and occurrence amount of forest pests is credible, which indicated that there was a negative correlation between the annual precipitation and forest pest occurrence amount from2002to2009, i.e. the greater occurrence of annual precipitation, the less of occurrence amount of forest pests, vice versa.As the climate warms, the hazards of forest pests such as Clethrionomys rufocanus Sundevall,Clethrionomys rutiles Pallas,Closter anachoreta Fabricius,Micromelapha troglodyta Greaser,Camptoloma interiorata Walker and Rhynchaenus empopulifolis Chen increased. Especially, R.empopulifolis, alien harmful species, became one of the mainly domestic pests in the traffic trunk line called " easy access " among the western cities of Zhaodong, Suihua, Daqing, Qigihaer and Tailai. Climate warming made R. empopulifolis to be aggravated in Heilongjiang province.The meteorological data of2010in Heilongjiang Province showed that the average temperature in January,the average temperature in July and the days of more than15℃had been in line with the division standard of Hyphantria cunea made by the former Soviet Union experts. H. cunea may survive in the moderate risk area of Jixi City and Mudanjiang City, in the moderate risk area of Shuangyashan City and Haerbin City and in the slight risk area of other cities. H. cunea may occur1generation a year in Heilongjiang Province. Warming climate makes Heilongjiang Province to become a comfortable area for H. cunea to live.On the basis of meteorological data from forest pests monitoring points of13cities of Heilongjiang province, including the annual average temperature, annual average lowest temperature, annual mean maximum temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours, four areas were divided through clustering analysis. A area:Yichun City, Daxinganling area and Heihe city; B area:Harbin City, Mudanjiang City and Qitaihe; C area:Suihua City, Qigihar City, Daqing City and Jixi; D area:Hegang City, Shuangyashan City and Jiamusi city. According to four specific areas, we put forward the defense strategy, proactive strategy, both offensive and defensive strategies and grasping emphasis district management strategy, classification management strategy choosing distribution, potential risk, hazard, host importance and control difficulty as index, key control strategy on the forest pests in the public welfare forest and shelter forest according to forest types such as ecological forest, protection forest, commercial forest, economy forest and fuel forest.