Since The Ming And Qing Dynasties River (including Chongqing) Guizhou Border Areas Studied Flower Arranging

Chahua area is a native Chinese term, which has appeared in the historical document since the Daoguang reign, Qing Dynasty. However, its science connotation was not known then. Hu Linyi, a scholar and official of Qing Dynasty assorted Chahua area into three categories:"Huali land"," zigzag interveined land" and" enclave (or exclave) land". The article suggests that Chahua area is a general term for all kinds of lands which were interlocking and lack of clear borders among different districts. They were formed with the formation, development and change of different districts with special historical and social conditions, including two basic types——enclave (or exclave) land and zigzag interveined land.Chahua area exists widely in both history and now. The widely existence of Chahua area has negative influence on social stability, administrative management, economic and social development or people's life. Therefore,"Zhouli" said:" When the emperor of Zhou founded a country, the first thing he did was to ascertain the geographic location, the second step was to make the territory clear, and the last to do is establish the official system so as to accomplish the reign of his people." Mencius also said:" A good reign must begin with the clearance of boundary ". Therefore, in-depth study of flower arranging has very important theoretical and practical significance.The research on Chahua area can be traced back to the history of geography, because the record of district location can be commonly found in the official history geography documents, National Geography documents and the multitude of local chronicles. However, due to the influence of various factors, the study of Chahua area is still weak, which can be revealed obviously by the fact that there is no books related published. Articles related to it are few as well.This paper holds the archives and historical literature, and deeply on the basis of field investigation, comprehensive use of historical geography, economics, sociology and management science theory and method, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Sichuan (including Chongqing) junction region of the flower arranging problem had thorough research. The main content includes the following parts: The first part is preface which includes the conceptions and methods applied in the research, material review, academic meaning and the background of the research.The second part explains the formation and change of the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan (including Chongqing) province (including Chongqing). The author did a research about the formation and change of the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing) after collecting lots of historical literatures.The third part makes an introduction of the Chahua areas between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing) from Ming Dynasty to now. The introduction of the Chahua areas is divided into three periods:Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty; Republican China and the birth of PRC to now. The author makes the introductions of the Chahua areas in three different periods respectively after collecting enough historical literatures and doing fieldwork.The forth part is about the reorganization of the Chahua areas from Ming dynasty to now on the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing). The reorganization of the Chahua areas was divided into three periods: Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty, Republican China and from the birth of PRC to now. The author researched the organization of the Chahua areas in three different periods respectively after collecting enough archives and historical literatures.Fifth part explains the reason why the Chahua areas existed on the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province (including Chongqing) from Ming dynasty to now. The author analyzed the archives and historical literatures, and found that social elements and nature environment all prompted the formation of the flower arranging areas.Sixth part suggests the influence of the Chahua areas from Ming dynasty to now on the border between Guizhou province and Sichuan province:based on the historical materials and fieldwork, the author analyzed the negative effects which the flower arranging areas brought on the local society. Moreover, taking the flower arranging area around Chishui River as example, the author did a case study.