Qing Dynasty Fight Livestock The Siniora Explorer Yamen Research

There was a place called Dawula located30kilometers northwest of Jilin city in Qing dynasty. It was an important passage connecting the north and the south. There was once a saying "In the distance it welcomes the Changbai Mountain and nearby it surrounds the Songhua river". Dawula had abundant resource and rich products with many rivers and lakes. Early before Qing's entering Sanhai Pass, emperor Huang Taiji once hunted and inspected Dawula. After Qing entered the Pass, Qing dynasty set this region as a forbidden place, and arranged a special apartment which directly undered leading by Beijing Neiwufu, that was Dashengwula General Yamen. Dashengwula carried on its characteristic political and economical management by dividing its apartments to Shangsanqi and Xiasanqi. Dashengwula's governed region concluded the middle and north of today's Jilin Province, the east of Jiutai City, the south of Yushu City, the main part of Shulan City and some part of Jiaohe City. During the time of Dashengwula's200years, it closely related to Qing dynasty's rise and decline. This dissertation takes Dashengwula General Yamen as the study subject. It explores the following topics as its set-up reasons, main functions, management modes, historical place and its decline reasons.The reason why Qing dynasty set Dashengwula General Yamen is that this region was rich of resources. Ginseng, marten, Dongzhu, sturgeon, pine nut, honey and various valuable birds and animals were unique resources of the northeast which were all from the Dashengwula region. In order to strength the imperial power, save Manchu's national memory and keep vertical monopoly management of those unique resources, Dashengwula General Yamen was thus set up by Qing dynasty.Dashengwula General Yamen was subjected to Beijing Neiwufu, at first it was once directly governed by Shengjing Neiwufu, but not a place under the management of Jilin Jiangjun. After Qianlong it was managed by Jilin Jinagjun, thus one place was under the management of two apartments with main affairs still under the control of Beijing Neiwufu. The top governor of Dashengwula was the general director, principal3rd-rank, other governors as Yiling, Xiaoqixiao helped to manage Dashengwula besides the general director.As a specific apartment set up by Qing dynasty in Northeast which provided sacrifice articles and daily articles, Dashengwula had very clear department functions from the very beginning. Dashengwula organized people to collect various kinds of necessary articles for the royal members in the forbidden place named by Qing dynasty. There were mainly four types of articles collected by Yamen:Dongzhu, honey, pine nut and sturgeon. Those collected articles had strict demands both in quantity and quality. Dashengwula had to organize people to send them in time to the royalty with no delay.People who worked in Dashengwula General Yamen were called Dashengding. Dashengding were from the following three parts:Manchu and Han slaves of Wula region; outland people dispatched to the region by Neiwufu; criminals and confiscated families. Dashengding were "slaves" of royal family. They carried on their colleting work by the basic unit of Zhuxuan. They were slightly paid, supervised by the governors all the time, had low social position and status.Dashengwula General Yamen owned22mountain places where they could collect articles, and64places where they could picked pearls. Qing dynasty took strict management in these forbidden places such as establish sentries and set up steles, sending guards to take patrols, issuing laws, taking measures to prevent other people entering the places to collect things. Those who broke the laws would get strict punishment.The collection work of Dashengwula reached its flourishing time in Qianlong period, after Jianqing period it gradually declined, and it finally combined with Xieling Yamen in1911.Dashengwula finally finished its historical mission. One of the reasons why it declined was the great-scale collecting work for so many years by the authority and the collecting by Qimin without the authority's permission. The second reason was that Qing had financial difficulty, and it took huge cost for every collection. With the decline of Qing dynasty, the collecting word could hardly carry on.As a special apartment set up by Qing dynasty to collect things, Dashengwula General Yamen had a history of200years which is as long as the Qing's history. It finally developed to an important administrative division in Jilin region from its early organization staffed by dozens of workers. Dashengwula General Yamen had great contributions to the development of local economy.