The Southwest Military Administrative Committee And The Political Power Takeover In The Southwest During The Early Years Of The PRC

When the People's Republic of China just established, the war did not yet end, the steps of political power takeover were very different everywhere, thus the central government had no the condition of managing province governments and the local governments below province directly. In order to take actions that suited local circumstances to accomplish the political power takeover, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China took a gradual strategy, once practiced the great administrative regions system. The great administrative regions were set up at a level between the center and the provinces. The people's governments or the military administrative committees of the great administrative regions represented the central government to manage local political power construction, cure the war wound and recover normal social order and economic life order, etc., so as to create the condition for further unification.Among the five great administrative regions of the northeast, the northwest, the east, the central south and the southwest, the southwest was the last liberated one, also was the last refuge by which Kuomintang floundered on the mainland. After the People's Liberation Army obtained basic military victory, the remaining counter-revolutionaries were still strong. This situation would certainly prolong the progress of building up new political power control system, as a result, it would also need mostly to take actions that suited local circumstances. Therefore, it was well worth studying how the southwest fulfilled various concrete missions of the political power takeover under this rigorous situation.The Southwest Military Administrative Committee was the highest political power organization in the southwest. At the same time, it also worked as the representativeorganization of the central government. Therefore, it played very important role in the process of completing the political power takeover in the southwest region. However, up to the present, there is not any exclusive study on this problem. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate thoroughly the establishment and operation of the Southwest Military Administrative Committee by making the most of original file documents.There were two obvious characteristics of the establishing course of the Southwest Military Administrative Committee. One, two steps were adopted. That is, first quickly built up the departments of supervising concrete affairs, such as civil affairs, finance and economics, culture and education, etc, to launch the work early and handle some urgent problems. And at the same time, exchanged the opinions extensively about the candidates of the committee; After the situation had got stable, then convened all the members of committee to announce the formal establishing of the Military Administrative Committee. Two, the united front work got high attention. The great region leaders, such as LiuBocheng and Deng Xiaoping, paid more attention to the cooperation problem with democratic parties and personages, built up a united front organ of political power with the CPC as the core, thus laid a solid organization foundation to overcome various difficulties.On its operating way, the Southwest Military Administrative Committee transacted important problems through collective leadership and reported the work circumstances periodically. Apart from these work systems, it also held committee meetings and various professional meetings, established special work committees, and organized inspection groups to check the work of subordinate local governments. The operation way of the Southwest Military Administrative Committee demonstrated that in actual work, the most basic function of the great administrative regional government was to ensure that the center's various policies, indications would be performed properly in its magistracy area. However, in this process, there was some kind of tension between the request for completing the center's demand and the actual circumstance of the region. The southwest was the last liberated area, lack of the crowd foundation, it needed to execute the center's tasks patiently; Nevertheless, in fact, in order to catch up with the other areas, when the centerpromulgated nationwide policies, it was impossible for the southwest to wait for complete condition to take into implementation every time. Because the tasks were urgent and the cadres were lack of experience, deviations in work inevitably happened.In this kind of case, the great administrative regional government of dual status needed more often to play the role of a coordinator. Exactly because it tried hard to take actions suitable local circumstances and moderated the operations of lower local governments frequently, though the tasks of political power takeover were very complicated, the Southwest Military Administrative Committee still completed them successfully. This study will explicate the functions of the Southwest Military Administrative Committee from three aspects: social order rebuilding, finance and economics work and the minorities work.