| As a social political phenomenon, political culture always reflects certain political history and reality of a nation or state. So it exerts great use during the process of man's political civilization, and is an important dimension to analyze and explain political phenomenon. As for a country like China, which is being in the process of political modernization and also has a history of more than one thousand years of federalism as well as of about 100 years of struggle against imperialism and federalism together with proletariat's revolution, it is of great significance and implication to do some research and analysis on the nature and its sudden change of political culture.The pattern of political culture during the time span from 1949 to 1978, which has its own specialty, has been playing a key role during the political development of China. And the reason for such a short time span from beginning to end is one of the themes I will contribute to study in this paper. Political culture of this historical period of time will be called "revolutionary political culture" in this paper. Both values and behaviors of the connotation of "revolutionary political culture" have been used as analysis frame of this paper. By regarding the time span from 1949 to 1978 as analysis dimension and quoting a lot of documentary materials, this paper probes into main manifestation, peculiarity, changing reason and relations between change of revolutionary political culture and political development of different stages including initial formation, distortion, transmutation and surpassing of revolutionary political culture. This paper gives out such an idea that the ruling party has make efforts to construct socialism political culture to exert its positive function through a series of political campaigns during the transition period from new — democratic revolution to socialism revolution. However, in the late 1950s, owing to some reasons including sudden change of social circumstances, overwhelming position of left-leaning thoughts in CPC, and absence of vigor of political and economic system, there has emerged a tendency of extreme political culture among the social classes as well as the ruling party. Democratic politicalculture has been eliminated, and through experiencing the process of its realm of necessity, revolutionary political culture has lost its reasonability step by step and begun to change. The ten-year "cultural revolution" is the peak of the distortion of revolutionary political culture, and the wrong belief of "continual revolution with the base of proletariat's ruling" has seriously destroyed the system of democratic centralization in CPC and socialism legislation. Fanatic and irrational political participation has overburdened the political system, and made it run in irregular situation, which brought China a great disaster. All these has led to a new adjust for political development in China in 1978, and produced conditions for transformation of political culture in China after 1978 since it is impossible for revolutionary political culture to exist during the process of the old political system' s correcting its own mistakes.This paper holds such an idea that formation and change of any kind of political culture is very close to economic base, political construction, system and cultural customs. Peculiarity of political culture is result of special social, historical and political conditions; the deep dynamics of transformation of political culture lies in the changing need of economic relations, economic constructions and economic systems as well as changing situation of political constructions, and all the changing elements promotes culture to exert changes; development of political main body presents subjective conditions for development of political culture, and political democratization and legislative construction is core for rational development of political culture; and as for political society in China, construction and cultivation of harmonious political culture is aim of rational development of political culture.
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