The Modern Pursuit Of National Character Construct

Tracing the clue of modernity and nationality, this dissertation gives a full and systemic research on the fluctuant process and excellent achievement of the Chinese ancient literature study within the scope of Marxism in 20th century. The modernity of Marxism develop the usefulness and discard the uselessness of modernity of Capitalism and thus the former confirms the later's global modern values and put the theme of human liberation on the base of historical materialism and make the true realization of modernity values to be possible. Nation-state as the product of modern society is the result of human's deeds, so nationality is a kind of modern building and a new tradition. Some early left-wingers and Marxists accepted the guidance of Marxism and animadverted on traditional culture in order to absorb the usefulness of Western civilization and create new national culture. The Chinese ancient literature study is the main proportion of the creation of the new culture.The early Marxists who animadverted on the concept of Pre-modernity and bourgeois modernity builded initial modern culture full of nationality and founded the basic value standards and theoretic methods of literature study. Democracy and civilianism is their political position; Freedom of individuality and liberation of human nature is their value standards; scientific spirit and historical materialism is their foundation of methodology. Standing on the position of the humanitarianism, they mined ancient literature resources, re-explained the value and the meaning of the ancient literature, paied attention to the sensibility and will of most people, put forward the assertion of civilian's literature. They emphasized the independence of the personality and the freedom of the literature, criticized traditional perspective of "Literature should carry the Tao", gived prominence to realism spirit and attached importance to realism literature. They used the method of historical materialism to study ancient literature and analyze its exhibition of social psychology.In the late 1920s, Chinese political situation changed suddenly. Intellects were cognizant of the close relationship between Marxism and Chinese social realistic problems and they accepted Marxism extensively, which promoted the fusion of historical materialism and Chinese literature.Along with the cognition of Marxism turning deeply, application of historical materialism become more and more maturer in the Chinese literature research.Lu xun and others combined historical materialism and Chinese ancient literature research successfully and Laied solid foundation of historical materialism in literature research. "Social problem" is intellects' central concerns. They inquired into the deep reasons of social problems. Their social consciousness strengthened consumedly and social analysis get a development in the literature research. The combination of literature research and the social reality of China changed more and more close and the revolutionized characteristic of literature study turned more and more outstanding. Lu xun initiated the new type of historical materialism in literature research and claimed active introduction of literature research into society. Guo mo-rno applied the "revolutionary literature" theory, investigated revolutionary literature in the historical revolutionary times, emphasized the basic position of the people, inaugurated the new research realm of The Book of Poetry. Zheng zhen-duo's study literature of Yuan dynasty adopted the economic angle and is a successful example of application of historical materialism to literature research. The method of the cultural anthropology get first step to try and its main purpose is to recognize true facts of history. In this phase, literature research of historical materialism made a steady progress and became a kind of mature research mode finally.Mao ze-dong's literaure thought is a apotheosis of Marxism literature theory. Mao ze-dong's literaure thought is a material fruit of Marxism modernity thought in the Chinese revolutionary practice. Mao ze-dong put forward the nationalization questions and claimed the inheritance of democratic and revolutionary cultural heritage and the role of cultural leadership. Mao ze-dong's literaure thought influenced confoundedly the construction of Chinese literaure theories and structure of ancient literature research structure. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in need of the socialism cultural construction, the Chinese Communist Party took over the cultural leadership and turned the apotheosis into the literature research criterion to guide the ancient literature research by means of political system, cultural system and ideology and so on. In this phase, socialism modernity was chose by the intellect and patriotism was their emotion foundation of change. In the new society, they found their station of self-realization and established the people's position through the thought reform. In this phase, social and historical criticism was outshining all the others. It paied much attention to the analysis of the social history background, emphasized the class nature and inclination. Realism, romanticism, patriotism and the Idiosyncrasy of the People is belletristic keywords.In the New Period, under the instruction of "Liberating ideas, seeking truth from facts" spirit, ancient literature research was liberated from the dependent state on politics and established the academic independence of the ancient literature, resulted in the diverse research situation guided by Marxism, dominated by compositive various methods. The general points are as follows: first, investigating literature from the angle of humanity and making use of Marxist humanitarianism spirit to explain the modern value in ancient literature; second, using psychoanalysis to inquire into Mankind's spirit world and analyze writers' cultural character; third, strengthening the culture consciousness, seeking from the perspective of culture about the cultural influence on the literature ontic characteristic and aesthetic form, also paying attention to the interaction between literature and culture, and so on; fourth, returning to thing-in-itself of literature and groping for the interior law of literary development, thus building up the inner research of literature.At last, this paper summarizes the value and meaning of ancient literature research in economic giobalization ages. Economic globalization does not create the cultural integration, on the contrary, it stimulates the development of self-identity of nationality and of culture. Contemporary new cultural construction takes the road of synthetical creation, which is under the direction of Marxism, deeply rooted in the traditional culture, and absorbs actively the excellent result of the world civilization. So ancient literature research should The ancient literature research should have the contemporary consciousness, grasp the pulse of globalization, unearth the special features of national culture, carry forward the national spirit, abstract enough literature theories to have a conversation with mainstreaming words.