The Financial Researching About Tǖmed Banners Of Guihua Cheng In 18～(th) Century To Early 20～(th) Century

Researching of financial history is core subject of economical history research of a particular region. It is an important part of social history researching. Financial researching not only shows the society changing but also shows the changing of peoples' life and working. Even we are able to learn about the economic development of the country. I am going to financial studying of Tamed Banners of Guihua Cheng and trying to demonstrate the financial systems, characteristics and changing of it.The thesis is consists of three aspects, preface, main part and ending. In preface mentions the significance of subject, researching methods, brief introduction of researching situations and historical documents. The records of Tarned financial history date began in Yong Zheng time of Qing Dynasty. In order to reveling a complete financial system of Tumed Banners I have done a lot of financial researching about Tamed Banners by specific documents.I analyze the organization of financial management, regulations of management and situation of incoming and expensing in chapter 1. The financial Tamed Banners had a period of great prosperity form Yong Zheng time to Qian Long time of Qing dynasty. The local government played an important role in financial management and organizations worked in coordination, which made financial system runs quiet well for almost 200 years. During these years, a complete financial system has been formed with efficient financial organization and power financial policy. However, the finance is characteristic by its special policies: controlled by the national government directly. Although it appears problems as limits of policy, exchange rate between silver and coin, and unstable price, the government is not able to doing any adjustment, which lead to the hidden danger in the future.I discuss the financial situation from Jia Qing time to Tong Zhi in chapter 2. It gives us the reasons why finance of Tumed Banners suffered a decease and show the fact that deficit of Tumed Banners finance since the end of Jia Qing time. The government tried to improve the situation by taking advantage sources (like land or mine) in order to increase the financial income. But it's actually a deducing to the income, because the increasing of income should be based on the economic development and effective financial system.I demonstrate the scale of Tamed Banners of financial system in chapter 3. Tumed Banners was same with other areas in China that time, like that the incoming increasing slowly while the expense decreasing. In the end of Qing dynasty, the situation of finance changed a lot with the mixture of traditional and modem views on economics. But Qing dynasty waned in power did not benefit from these changes since "new policy". I make summary in the ending on the related subject.In this thesis, I use Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese original documents, which kept in the archives of Tumed left Banner. The archives kept 16,054 volume documents of Qing dynasty, including 4,634 volumes in Chinese, 1,046 volumes in Mongolian and 10,374 in Manchu. The writer manual copied about 100,000 words and 1,600 pieces photo. I quote about 330 documents directly in my thesis, including 120 translated documents of Manchu and Mongolian. In addition, I give a series of charts using the method of example and statistic analysis to illustrate the fact on the Tumed Banners financial changes of Guihua Cheng.