The Literary Research Of The Four Hongs At Po Yang In Southern Song Dynasty

The four Hongs were composed of Hong Hao and his three sons who were called Hong Kuo, Hong Zun and Hong Mai respectively, living in Southern Song Dynasty, China. The members of them were all loyal liegemen, in addition to. They were famous for their gorgeous achievements in politics, academic attainments and literature, and the Hongs who lived at Po Yang was all enhanced by the four ones swiftly. The Hongs became the most respectable family in Southern Song Dynasty.Because of a lack of attention in research for the four Hongs in academic circle nowadays, this thesis intends to fill the blank in this field by a comprehensive research about it.It is a radiant research which analyzes the four Hongs by considering the Hong's family history, system, culture, custom and diplomatic history. And the thesis also discourses how can this scholar-bureaucrat family in old China became famous. What kind of academic fruit they got in literature and what kind of influences they made in literary history. It is also expected that we can know deeply situation and character of liberators in Southern Song Dynasty by know more about this typical family.This thesis consists of three parts, exordium, text and the left part.Exordium talks about why I chose this topic, what research went on in this field before this thesis, the research methods and the main point in this thesis.The first chapter is concerned in how did this scholar-bureaucrat family in ancient China became famous. In detail, the first sections organize the Ancestral descent's migration and history of the Hongs by referring to a great deal of literature biography and notes. Besides, the right time the Hongs became stronger was the time imperial examinations in Song Dynasty, China perfected itself. Therefore, it is obviously from this topic that the imperial examinations transformed the scholar-bureaucrat in old China and its family much. So In the second chapter it shows a deeply research of above topic as the basic part of research for the achievements of the four men.The second chapter consists of the literary fruit of the Hongs and the cultural traits of this family. There were a large of works written by them, referring to Jing, Shi, Zi and Ji which have relation with Confucianism, it referred to historiography, linguistics, archaeology, ethnologist and medicine in the terms of modern academic research. All the four men all were the top one in their professional areas at that time, and got the excellent achievements. Affected by the situations, they were skeptical of the research before them. The main points of their research were historiography, literature and philosophy, and the best one is historiography. There were both advantages and disadvantages for their creation in literature because of their knowledge and background. So thesis discusses it from both pros and cons with examples.The third chapter all discusses the period that three of them had been to Jin Kingdom as the diplomat of Southern Song Dynasty. Evermore, and because that, they left lots of literature had a special style. And these literatures were the combination of two nations' communication, Han and Nv Zhen. It was said the best representative poetry.In this chapter it refer to others similar poetry, but bases on the Hongs works, concluded the common character of the poetry which talked about the live to Jin Kingdom simply. Also contrast the poetry written by Hong Hao, Yu Wen xuzhu and Zhu Bian. The three all have been the diplomat to Jin Kingdom for a long time and were excellent poets. In fact, they were closed and communicated a lot, so there were both common thoughts of their poetry and different parts. By this it is benefit for us to know how these diplomats' psychology changed during their time to Jin Kingdom by contrasting them. There are double signification for both researching in Song poetry and Jin poetry.The fourth chapter talks about the character and status of Parallel Prose of them. This kind of literature became the typical Song Si-Liu in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Because there is just a surface research on Song Si-Liu, so this thesis extend the part and it starts from the research about early Song, because it had some something to do with the change of Parallel Prose in Song Northern Dynasty, which always overlooked by researchers. Secondly, it introduces the imperial examinations in Song Southern Dynasty that is the other key that affected the Song Si-Liu literature. Under this background, it discusses the deeply influences of the imperial examinations to the Hongs. At the sometime, referring to the researcher's critical comments, it discusses how to orient to the Hongs and their literatures.The last part of main part is analyses the influences to the Hongs made by fights between Parties. The two Parties in Song Dynasty had the different viewpoint and they fought against continually, ever more and more serious as Song Dynasty went by. The members of the two Parties were majority of scholar-bureaucrats. They were the main writer of this Dynasty. Literary reflected the society. The period was deeply affected by the by fights between Parties, so lots of literatures contained the situation. It was a series, fights affected the situation, the situation affected the mind of writers and the writers' changes were reflected by their literary style. The Hongs got lots of influences from late Northern Song to Early Southern Song Dynasty. Their classes, orientations and literary style all fluctuated at that time. So their comments and literatures all became negative from positive. This chapter shows a slight analysis about their change with embodied examples.The left part discusses their literatures when the Hongs had retired, and they retreated at a rural, their literatures were abundant in landscape and try to keep away from society. The main characters of their literary in this period are family communication, narrowed topics and narrowed world. The fact, it might be the sequelae from fights between Parties.