Chinese Overseas' Education In Mordern Nanyang

Nanyang is an old name of Southeast Aisa. As early as in the Tang Dynasty, there were a few Chinese residents emigrated to the place. In Song Dynasty, a lot of Chinese emigrants moved to Nanyang, where they thrived and worked one generations after another, and became the first Chinese overseas in Nanyang. With the famous Zheng He's sea-faring movements, many Chinese emigrated to Nanyang to trade and live there in Ming Dynasty. When Qing Dynasty came, it took the very strict prohibitions on seafaring, so only a few Chinese residents moved to Southeast Asia region. Qing Government contemned Chinese overseas in Nanyang and neglected their living conditions. Even so, Chinese overseas in Southeast Asia Nanyang also created the education agency voluntarily to carry forward Chinese history and culture for their decents, such as Indonesia emerged Ming-cheng's College early in 1690 with written documents. After the Opium War, Chinese southern gate was forced to be opened, the original seafaring prohibitions was abolished. A lots of residents in Southeastern coastal areas moved to Nanyang being of business and employees factors, formed a huge influx immigrants of Southeast Asia in modern China. After Arrived in Nanyang, overseas Chinese were established different gangs based on the geography, language sources as well as bloody relationships, which distributed in various ports in Southeast Asia, forming a relatively steady Chinese community. Nanyang Overseas Chinese work hard and accumulated the considerable wealth step by step, after that, the overseas Chinese returned China or post a steady flow of large amounts of remittances sent to their motherland, the Qing government's policies on overseas Chinese changed completely, from the original ignoring to the great concerns, they repeatedly sent officers and warships to Nanyang, and set up the consulate there. The close links between the motherland and the overseas Chinese in Nanyang promote the overseas Chinese to further enhance the Chinese education of future generations in order to maintain the Chinese society, to inherent characteristics of the Chinese nation, maintaining the close contact with the motherland, as well as to prevent their descendants being completely assimilated by the local ethnic groups due to lack of Chinese traditional culture. Nanyang Overseas Chinese have donated much money to establish the Chinese education agencies imitating domestic mode of education. They founded private schools, Shuyuan and other old-fashioned traditional Chinese educational institutions, teachers, teaching methods, and teaching contents all mused from domestic, overseas education was really beginning in Nanyang. Overseas Chinese education is a part of Chinese education, and keep up the same developing pace with it. When the government of late Qing Dynasty reformed the old education system and performed the new rules of the modern schools, Overseas Chinese education in Nanyang followed it to change immediately, new schools replaced the old-style private schools, overseas Chinese schools added the foreign language, history and geography, technology and other new disciplines. The teaching staff, teaching standards and teaching effectiveness of new schools have been improved significantly. But there still retained some shortcomings, such as teacher shortage, language barrier, and the vivid boundaries among new schools, being lack of the mutual communication,etc.At that time, China was experiencing the frequent revolutionary waves. A plenty of revolutionaries exiled to Nanyang as refuge after the failure of the uprisings. They participated actively in overseas Chinese education, and founded a lot of Chinese newspapers in order to continue promoting the revolutionary ideas in Nanyang. Overseas Chinese Education was injected a totally new element of revolution and Chinese nation. With the great efforts of the revolutionaries, Nanyang Overseas Chinese Education has entered a vigorous stage of development, the elementary school education had been further to develop, secondary education institutions and women's educational institutions had begun to rise, even the higher education institutions had been established, the whole education system of overseas Chinese in Nanyang had been established. In practice, all of the Chinese schools have adopted a unified national language as the medium of instruction, inter-school's gap was disappeared, the practical function of overseas education was enhanced, which results in the unprecedented enhancement of national identity and social cohesion as well as patriotism in the Chinese overseas society. Overseas Chinese donated a great deal of money to support motherland's revolutionary enterprising, and contribute substantially to the revolutionary cause as well as the economic and cultural development of their hometowns, they played an important role in the modernization of China.The whole Nanyang Overseas Chinese education is an integral part of education in China, which has many natural and necessary links with China's education and keep up the same development tendency with it. Overseas Chinese education in each port of Nanyang maintained many common characters. However, there were many individual differences in the development of Nanyang Chinese education from region to region, because of different cultural backgrounds and colonial policies as well as many other factors. My thesis will illustrate the common character of Nanyang overseas Chinese education, clarify the discrepancies between each region, research the contributions of Nanyang Chinese educations from sociology, education, political economy, and cultural Communications, etc,. which based on a large number of the first-hand data, for instances, modern Nanyang newspapers, Overseas Chinese schools'magazine and so on. I also adopted the Comparative study method to compare Chinese schools'differences between the British colony and the Dutch colony, and try to analyze the underlying reasons affected Chinese overseas education. finally, to revivify the reality of Nanyang Overseas Chinese Education Development in modern history.