On The Disappearance Of The Object-honorific System And The Differentiation Of The Hearer-honorific System

As time goes by,Korean language has been developed,evaluated and formed its own distinctive set of honorific system.The biggest change had been taken place especially from the Middle ages to the Modern ages:the object-honorific system shown by the grammatical forms disappeared,and the differentiation of honorific-degrees in the hearer-honorific system was occurred.Based on the awareness of this change, this paper mainly studies on the change of honorific systems,which is shown by the grammatical forms, by describing and analyzing how the object-honorific system disappeared, how the class of compound ending"-(?)[s(?)pnita]"was formed and how hearer-honorific system was diversified systematically.This paper mainly uses philological methods to study on documents and materials from the ancient times to 20thcentury synchronically and diachronically in order to find out how pre-final ending"-(?)[s(?)p]一"has changed clearly.In 15th century,"honorific"pre-final ending"-(?)[s(?)p](?)",w hich used to be the element of the object-honorific system,was forme d by the grammatical change of"(?)".After the 15th century,the d iscourse situation of"subject=speaker,object=hearer"became g eneralized,the ambiguity of object shifted to the clarity of hearer and the pre-final ending "-(?)[s(?)p]一"in the end of a sentence expre ssed the honor of the hearer,while in the non-ending it expressed th e speaker's humility.The functional change of"-(?)[s(?)p]-"caused t he grammatical changes.The functional change caused the pre-final en ding"-(?)[s(?)p]-"move to the position of the closest to the final e nding.In addition,the disappearance of "(?)[z]", "(?)[β]", "·[(?)]"which are the constituent elements of"-(?)[s(?)p]-",made"-(?) [SAp]-"a variety of changes.It means the phonetic change caused the morphological change. And because of the principle of integration and the principle of adjacency,the pre-final ending"-(?)[SAp]-"combin ed with"-(?)[nA]一／一(?)[t(?)]一／一司[(?)i]一"."一(?)[Di]／(?)[(?)it]-"and eventu ally formed a class of compound ending "-(?)[sipnita]". A class of ending "-(?)[s(?)pnita] " was not created but has been formed by restructuring. In other words, a class of ending "-(?)[s(?)pnita]" was formed by going through the process of semantic reduction of "(?)-", functional change of the pre-final ending "-(?)[s(?)p]-", phonetic contraction and restructuring. The study of formation of a c lass of ending "-(?)[s(?)pnita] " reveals that the changes of phoneme, morpheme, function and syntax are interacted. To sum up, the phonetic change makes the morphological change, while functional change makes syntactic and morphological change.The restructure of highest degree "-(?)[s(?)pnita] " and the emergence of new forms of middle-degree occurred because of the change of pre-final ending "-(?) [s∧p]-". With the restructure and emergence of forms, the hearer-honorific system was diverged and expanded. This presents that the emergence of new forms must be accompanied by the changes of the system, and the changes of system will inevitably become the motivation of the formation of new forms.