On The Development And Comparison Of The Civil Service Training In U.K. And U.S. In The 20^th Century

Civil Servant plays a very important role in the governments of western countries. The Civil Service System, which was establishment in the late 19th centry, is an important integral part of the western mordon democracy. In the 20th centry, especially since the First World War, in order to adapt to social, political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological needs of a rapidly developing field, and build more efficient, clean and modern democratic government, the Britian and the United States have started to strengthen the training of civil service. The civil service training became the basic part of the government personnel management in the Britian and the United States.After the Second World War, the government affairs were more complex and specialized. As one of the basic approaches that improving the overall quality, administrative efficiency and service levels of the civil service, the importance of civil service training was increasing rapidly. In order to strengthen and standardize the training, the Britian and the United States institutionized the civil service training by laws or council orders. In 1945, according to the proposal of the Assheton Report, the Britian government established the Treasure Training and Education Division as the highest institution of the management of civil service training. In the 1960s, the government found the Centre for Administrative Studies that specializing in the civil service training, which completed the institutionalization of the civil service training. After the Fulton Report in 1968, the British civil service training system improved furtherly. In the United States, the enactment of the Government Employees Training Act in 1958 marks the establishment of the civil service training system. In the 1960s, the United States government found the Executive Seminar Center and the Federal Executive Institute, which gave the civil service more chances of training. In the 1970s, the Britian and the United States civil service training developed steadily with the guarantee of the related bills and orders. The training's status as the basic component part of the civil service system was strengthened.The western countries'government reform movement that rised in the late 1970s provided a good opportunity for the rapid development of the civil service training. The Thatcher Government in the Britian and the Carter Government in the United States reformed the civil service training in the same time. After the reform, the two countries civil service training system formed the characters of marketization, diversity and flexibility. There was a substantial increase in the training scale and quality. At the same time, in order to comply with the new requirements of the development in the every social field, the two countries training systems showed different trends.As the typical representatives of the western democratic countries, the Britian and the United States formed some basic charecters according with the development trands of modern democratic country in the formation, development of the civil service training system, such as giving priority to efficiency of the training objectives, comprehensive training content, multi-level training network, and various training way. As the same time, because there are some differents in the political, social environment, as well as the historical tradition between the two countries, there are also many differences in the concept of civil service training in guidance, training content and methods. It wil be helpful for us to fully understand the civil service training system and grasp the basic structure of western counties' training system to study its main characters of the two counties in the perspective of history and comparison.From the 1980s, China set up to establish the civil service system and made some progress in the civil service training, such as in the expansion of the training content, the varieties of the training way, and the foundation of the training institution. But there are still obvious problems in the legislation and management of civil service training. In such fields, the western developed countries, especially the Britian and the United States can give us some constructive inspirations in the building of the civil service training system with Chinese characteristics.