The Evolution And Characteristics Of British Civil Service System Since The 19th Century

The historical study of a country's political system cannot be separated from the study of the selection,organization and management of government officials and the analysis and evaluation of their historical background and influence.After the establishment of the constitutional monarchy,Britain became the world's factory and trade center in the middle and late 19th century by virtue of the powerful power brought by the first industrial revolution.Capitalism countries such as Britain,France,the United States began to change the world,and great changes also happened in its interior,with the development of economy and society,the change of the world and accelerating industrialization and urbanization,the British civil service system from the early "gifts" office system to the establishment of the modern civil service system,after several reforms and restructuring,the change and the impact of the historical reasons and has high historical research value and practical significance.However,the existence of all things is subject to certain changes.In terms of the reform of British civil service system,there are many factors influencing it,such as institutional structure,operational status,historical factors and so on.The civil service reform in Britain can be seen as the result of a comprehensive process.Therefore,in order to carry on the concrete research to it,must grasp each kind of factor which affects the civil service system reform.Among them,the function of historical condition is nots allow to ignore more.At the present stage,most scholars' studies on the British civil service system remain in the specific historical period,or discuss the background and process of the reform,and rarely judge and evaluate multiple reforms in a big stage from the overall perspective,and analyze their overall characteristics.Moreover,there are few comparative studies on this reform,especially on the inheritance and continuity of its previous reforms.Taking the period from the 19th century to the 20th century as the research period,this paper focuses on the reform of the British civil service system in the 20th century,and analyzes and compares the reform of the British civil service system.This paper tries to demonstrate how the civil service system has changed in the process of national institutional change,partisanship and rapid development of industrial econoly,and analyzes how the premise and effect of these changes affect the British society.The purpose of this paper is to sort out the establishment and reform of the British civil service system,find out its internal rules and external relations,and summarize its historical characteristics.This paper consists of the following parts:the introduction explains the significance of the topic,the research status and research methods at home and abroad,and explains the connotation of related research concepts.The first chapter elaborates the background of the establishment of the British civil service system,the main contents of the Northcote-Trevelyan Report,the establishment of the principles of the civil service system and the establishment of the civil service system.The second chapter is about the reform and reorganization of the civil service system in Britain im the 20th century,focusing on breaking through the principles laid down in the Northcote-Trevelyan Report,and taking the promulgation of laws and reports as the means to reduce redundant personnel and build a clean and efficient government as the purpose,and thus carrying out many civil service system reforms.This paper expounds the origin,process,prominent characteristics,historical influence and evaluation of the civil service system reform in Britain.The third chapter is a general overview of the four characteristics of the British civil service system reform,including gradualism,the trend of political autonomy of senior civilian officials,emphasis on "generalist" and asset class,and the use of historical data to analyze the historical conditions and their impact.Among them,this paper takes the promulgation of the first chapter "Northcote-Trevelyan Report and the principles of the civil service system established as the starting point of this paper,and the reform of the civil service system in Britain in the 20th century as the focus of this paper.In the third chapter,four historical characteristics of the reform of the civil service system in Britain are summarized.