The Changes Of State Governance Under The Market-oriented Economic Reform In China

After 30 years market-oriented economic reforms,China's economic and social changed greatly. In economic terms, with the market-oriented economic reforms continuously advancing, Market economy system replaced the planned economy and became the main way allocation of resources. In this process, the Chinese economy experienced three years of growth, became the world's second largest economy, and deeply involved in the world economic system.With the establishment of the market economic system, Chinese society has also experienced great changes. On the one hand, in the reform process, the institutions in the era of planned economy system——the Hukou system, the Danwei system, and urban-rural registered permanent residence system——which services to the traditional planned economy are in constantly weakening, Social mobility greatly increased. Social increased mobility reflected in the region, class, industry, and other aspects, and increased mobility greatly enhance the vitality of Chinese society. On the other hand, with the reform advance, the diversity of Chinese society constantly enhances and a series of new social classes appear constantly. Emerging social classes dramatically changed Chinese society and also led to tremendous changes in the social interest condition. As a result of these changes, China's relationship between state and society has changed dramatically changes. The rise of the market for society had weakened the infiltration of the state,leaders had to adopt new ways to cope with the change of social interest conditions. Therefore, the market-oriented economic reforms have profound change state and economy; state and society relationship under the planned economic system.As the state promoted the market-oriented economic reform and adapted to the needs of economic and social change, state also try to realize governance changes under the new situation. This article investigates the China governance changes from the following several aspects. First, the article examines the leaders'cognitive of market economy. In promoting the change process of governance, leaders'cognitive of market economies play the first role. Considering the long-term implement planned economic system in China, accept market economy faces many obstacles. In the reform early, there are notable differences of opinion among the top leaders, so the question of the legitimacy of the market economic system was the focus of political debate. Until the establishment of the legitimacy of the market economic system, state governance changes faced huge difficult. Along with the establishment of the legitimacy of the market economy, Market-oriented economic reform has been greatly boosted. But with the establishment of the market economic system and its development, marketization reform also brings a series of social and political consequences. As for leaders, how to evaluate these social and political consequences to state governance has equally decisive role in changes. As the reform further, these social and political consequences causes three times debates and involves market reforms itself. In these debates, on the one hand, top leaders insisted the legitimacy of market-oriented reform, On the other hand they also try to adjust in policy levels, in order to track social and political consequences. Generally speaking, the leaders of the cognitive to reform continuously deepening. These cognitive changes can also meet the need of practice in the reform and has an important role in the transition of the state governance.Secondly, this article examines administrative adjustments realized in structure and function by state during the market-oriented economic reform process. Although the state's power structures are unchanged, but this does not mean that state bureaucracy is rigid and closed. In order to effectively services to the market economic system reform, the state council experiencing six times institutional reform. Through the six times reforms of the state council, state administrative system experienced huge transformation. On the one hand the traditional administrative departments which service to the planned economy system were abolished, new administrative departments which service to newly market economy were established; On the other hand the existing departments also experienced function transition, which make them adapted to market economy needs. Through the above the gradual reform, the state administration realized substantial transformation in structure.With the planned economy transition to the market economy system, the state exit the production field of the economy gradually and had to seek new ways to governance a rising market economy. In this process, the function of regulatory developed. As a special way of state governance market economy, state regulation as the modern market economy development forming gradually, which had became state governance's indispensable part in the modern market economy condition. Along with market reform process, China's bureaucracy also gradually developed state function of regulation. However, the state's regulatory functions in the different fields showed obvious differences, which resulted from different heritages of planned economic system and market reform approach by state promoted.Finally, the article reviews the local government's influence on state governance. To initiate the market-oriented economic reforms, political leaders in early reform implement the decentralization and profit-sharing reform. This reform model greatly mobilized the local government's enthusiasm for economic development, and created the good condition for the transformation of planned economic system. But this reform model has a major flaw itself. With the gradual establishment of market economy, leaders promote the reform of centralization in the reconstruction process. These efforts received a significant effect at the central level, but also produced unintended consequences and triggered a series of problems at local. These problems are rooted in the ambiguous division of functions between governments at all levels and the uniqueness of the Cadres compititive system. The combination of the two factors led to the great differences in local governance practices. Because the complex between the central and local governments relationships,state governance still face the arduous task of reform.