Sino-russian Political System Is A Comparative Study

China and Russia have proceeded respectively different policies of reform and openness from the identical socialistic system. Russia is still rapidly transforming its political system, while China still maintains Communist party leading political system before and after the reform. Chinese political leaders have pursued a gradualistic reform and openness policy and the economic reform policy under the political stability. However, Russian political leaders have preferred to take one big shock policy to reform and open their political system and, at the same time, economic system.The different policies of two countries resulted in significantly different outputs: many experts from domestic and overseas admitting the successful achievement of China's reform policy while criticising the serious political and economic failures of the past ten years' Russia.However, China remains some obstacles to be resolved such as the income gaps between inter-regional, between intra- regional and between agricultural and industrial sectors, modernization of state owned companies, financial deficits, unemployment, corruption, latent inflation, etc. Fanners, unemployed people and the intelligentsia in China are complaining about their income, democracy and political and economic situation. Russia also faces the similar obstacles such as political insecurity, low growth rate,corruption, unemployment, underdevelopment of industry, stagnation of agriculture, etc. although the Russian political and economic situation after Yeltsin and from Putin shows a kind of stability and growth unlike the past.This research is to compare the process and outputs of reform and openness policy in China with in Russia, focusing on two countries' political system after starting reform and openness policy. I will focus on comparison and analysis of the political decision making process of two countries.China maintains Communist party oriented political system and indirect voting system for General Secretary of Communist Party, Chairman of People's congress, representatives of People's congress, premier, governors of provinces, etc. while Russia is already enforcing multi-party system like western countries and direct voting system for electing president, Duma, and governors. The Communist Party in China is leading the legislative, administrative and judicial authority, while the Russia constitution already applies the western democracy and declares the division of three powers of administration, legislation and judicature, freedom of assembly and liberty to organize and to join a political party.It implies that the main decision maker of the important political affairs in China is still Communist parry. The Chinese Communist Party is operating the main organization system such as Central Committee, Central Politburo, Standing Committee of Central Politburo and General Secretary. Based on the Communist party system in China, the main policies related to reform and openness and to state and Communist party will be collectively decided by Central Politburo and/or Standing Committee of Central Politburo, which is called collective leadership. The main policies of post-reform period of the Chinese Communist party are not decided and operated by one person like General Secretary but by collective leadership. The collectively decided policies by the Chinese Communist party will be gradually enforced in the whole country through 65 million communist party members, 3.5 million communist party cell organizations and three thousand communist party schools directly involved with central government, regionalgovernments, people's congress, companies and academic institutions of China. In the process of policy decision and execution, the main intention of Chinese Communist Party will be directly reflected in the important political, economic and personnel affairs of various strata of the China society, as the main leaders of various circles including central government, regional gove...