| The purpose of this dissertation are to find out the decisive function of human capital in China's rural economic development, and to break off the vicious cycle "chain" according to the accumulation of human capital. Purports of this dissertation lie in, at first, it finds out the breakthrough that can be helpful to China's rural economic development, the second, it gives some proposes about the accumulation of human capital in China's rural areas.At the outset, this dissertation tries to expound theoretically as below. Agriculture is the base of national economy, it is the foundation of other industries, and any country must rely on it for its subsistence. The quality of peasants has a decisive effect on the speed, scope and depth of the rural development. The contribution and importance of human capital investment to economic development are stressed. It is shown that basic education and medical care & health hold a central place in human capital investment. Developing rural economy energetically and shrinking economic margin between the urban and the rural, is the key to stabilize human capital in the rural. Then, this dissertation deals separately with present conditions and causes of China's rural basic education, medical care & health, migration of labor power in general outline.As to basic education in China's rural area, three serious problems exist: "the hard and the soft" of basic education in the rural is far lag behind that in urban areas; returns of education investment are low to peasant families, they are reluctant to send their children to school; increase in agricultural production is slow with little progress in technology. As to medical care & health in China's rural area, without investment from governments, the medical equipments are very simple, and technical level of doctors is low. There are few inhabitants who have medical care & health insurance. The price of medicine is so high that rural inhabitants can't undertake it. Main causes of large scale migration in China are: peasants' burden is heavy, in some place, peasants' burden is about 50% of their total income, comparative return from agriculture is very low; the margin of combined livelihood quality is big between the urban and the rural, this combined livelihood quality includes income, status gains, education condition of children, individual developing sky, medical care & health environment, and others.As to nine-year obligatory in the rural, larger investment and input from governments must be made; general senior schools should be partially replaced by vocational schools, and vocational schools' curriculum must be so designed as to satisfy the need of agriculture production; also, favorable environment to basic education should be created to promote societal progress in the countryside. As to medical care & health in the rural, input from the government should be as the same as that one in the urban; basic medical care insurance system should be set up, and the fund comes from the government, collective and rural inhabitants; medical specialists in big cities should go to countryside in fixed term to guide rural doctors; low-price-medicines must be encouraged in their production and circulation, so, total expenditure used in medical care & health can be controlled in reasonable level; medical organizations should be established with all sorts form, so that, the rural inhabitants can go to there easily when they have disease.In order to stabilize human capital of the rural, social insurance system should be established; the government should act in macro re-adjustment for income re-distribution; and "nurture agriculture" policy should be made.Main creativeness of this dissertation embodies in three points as below.The first one, it provides concept of "gains from status and geographic position". Gains from status and geographic position enlarge the name-income-margin between urban inhabitants and rural ones. This is the inner reason why the actual income margin is bigger than the name-inco...
|
PDF Full Text Request