| Research and development (R&D) is widely recognized as being key to economic growth, along with factors such as "education, training, production engineering, design, and quality control", and is the parts of the regional innovation environment and the major players of innovation activity. America has a perfect innovation system, the most R&D installation and resources and foreign-affiliated R&D laboratories in the world. The industrial R&D is the major performer of the innovation system and its' absolute amount of the investment is more than two third of the total R&D investment in America, The federal government has changed the S&T policy greatly in order to strengthen the national competition with the end of the "cold war" and the rapid development of the economic globalization. The new policy emphasizes the collaboration of the military and the civil technology instead of the military technology first in the strategy technology plan in the past, and takes more into account the technology apply and commercialization with the technology development. The federal government invests the crucial technology directly and keeps the close relationship with the industrial sector.The author got a lot of information of the America industrial R&D from internet, and made a comprehensive research about the industrial R&D spatial structure in America with the help of the GIS and the instruction of the theory of the spatial structure and public policy. The role of the industrial R&D in the America innovation system and the industrial R&D system is summarized and methods of factor analysis and cluster analysis are used to analyze the industrial R&D spatial structure types, changing and forming mechanism after the end of the "cold war". At the same time, the S&T policy is thought to be an important factor of the industrial R&D spatial structure development, and the method of the spatial econometrical analysis is used to analyze the S&T policy impaction for the industrial spatial structure and the regional economy based on the introduction of the main content and the changing of theAmerica S&T policy in the past years. The industrial R&D spatial spillover disparities with the changing of the S&T policy in 1987and 2001 is discussed too.The author suggests that industrial R&D is the main performer of the America innovation system, and has been internationalizing rapidly in the recent years. The industrial R&D spatial structure is attributable to the mult-factors, the states economic size, R&D expenditure and the history industry distribution are the main elements for the industrial R&D spatial structure forming and development. S&T policy is one of the important elements for the development of the industrial R&D spatial structure. Government's direct investment and other useful R&D policy can drive the industrial sector to enlarge the R&D investment, and impact the development of industrial R&D spatial structure. The America industrial R&D spatial structure can be identified for five types: high density, less high density, middle density, lower middle density and lower density. Industrial R&D development is imbalance on the regional level and concentrate on several states. The high concentration condition of the industrial R&D distribution has no more changed, but the decentralization trend of the industrial R&D structure has emerged after the end of the "cold war" with the changing of the S&T policy. S&T policy is much more influence on the regional economy and the R&D spatial spillover is more than that of before. Finally, to learn from the America experience of developing industrial R&D, the author puts forward to several useful proposals about S&T policy for the China S&T policy-maker.
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