The Ordinary Life Base Of Institutional Justice

The real society of China sets free a variety of profound social conflict when it has acquired the tremendous accomplishment of economic development and social progress, the most core is the social justice problem. In the past more than 20 years, China has become one of the countries that the economic growth rate is the highest in the world and is in a relatively steady period after set up. However, with the deepening of social transformation process, the social production mode, the people's communication mode, behavior mode, the value idea and so on have all changed greatly. A lot of social injustice phenomenon obviously reveals out during the progress of benefit disintegration and combination, causing the new social contradiction and conflict, leading to the loss of entire social activities effectiveness, making the Chinese social justice be confronted with hitherto unknown challenge. The low effectiveness problems brought by the equally superior institutional justice principle in the planned economy age have not been resolved thoroughly in today's market economy age. The effectiveness superior's institutional justice principle initiated by market economy brings people's social life fact's inequality and poverty and wealth's disintegration. The common rich principle designed at the first of reform and opening has not been ascertained genuinely and the disparity of poverty and wealth broadens increasingly, Even in some area the appearance of "robbing the poor to give the rich"had arose. A variety of conflict caused by social injustice, constitutes the tremendous intimidation to social steadies and economy's development How to resolve the justice problem of society at the same time developing economy and society is the present Chinese real social task which should not be dodged and the great problem which urgently have to be resolved. Justice is a historical category and has existed since ancient times, it is a kind of basic value idea and norm accompanying the mankind's culture all the time. Justice is extremely significant to a society, but social justice of any age is not absolute and is different for the time and the place. The perpetual justice does not exist. Writer thinks, although the element of affecting social justice is many-sided, the most major is institutional injustice created by the institutional arrangement. The institution is the people's social lifeaction principle, it constitutes the social condition of people's action as one kind of extrinsic social restrain. It limits or supplies, thereby distributes the probability and means which people obtain social interests, as a result institutional justice is necessarily superior to individual justice and social justice. In this sense, the main problem of justice is whether the institution is just or not. Institutional justice is not only the reflection of social justice but also the guarantee of social justice. Although the institution itself is not the aim of the social progress and development, the result of development and progress is certainly expressed out with the institutional form .The realization of social justice must be organic unification of economy, politics, moral realm and so on based on institutional justice, only in their interactions can constitute harmonious social order. The structure of social life is not unitary economical life, political life or cultural life. The social life is multi-level and multi-system. In mankind society, the activity that people go in for may be divided into a lot of kinds, economical, political, cultural, religious and so on .Any kind of activity has its active law and relationship formed in such activity. The institution exists in thedifferent dimension and the different planes of social life. The institution is plural and Multi-level .The plurality and Multi-level of social institution and social life decide the complexity of institutional justice. People may experience and evaluate justice from a different angle, hence institutional institutional justice itself is also plural. The mankind's value orientation and the golden principle in the different life realms are unnecessarily invariable also, the institutional justice criterions of the different realms can't be also the same completely. If measuring some institutional arrangement is just or not merely with any single dimension of economical development, social development or political development, it will not avert social injustice initiated by the institutional conflict, institutional woodenness, institutional parochialism and narrow-minded institution. Whether the economical development, social development or political development, it is only the base and condition of the mankind society's sustainable development. In any given age of social history, the value demand of the interest group who is in dominant position in economy and politicsgoverns and dominates institutional justice. Under different social institutions, there is different character and content in the society. The differentiation and unilateralization of institutional justice viewpoint are directly related to the social division of labour and the differentiation of social structure. All sorts of social justice's common ground lies in :they are all a kind of institutional justice which adapted to at that time the productivity development. In the investigation of the principle of the institutional justice historic evolution, we can find that the institutional justice viewpoint of different age were all established on the different life base. Because of difference stand, their justice's standard and connotation is also not inconsistent. In the real life people always go together to develop all kinds of social communication from different social planes. In the social communication people always think institutional justice principle of one social plane as common principle to evaluate all kinds of social events and social communication activities, and then it causes divergence and conflict in the judgement of institutional justice .The most typical representative is the justice principle of superioreffectiveness, the justice principle of superior justness and the justice principle of superior order. However, it is impossible to reach common understanding of institutional justice in all kinds of specialization realms and on the special social plane .The mankind's society as one kind of high complex organizational structure have developed a series of institutions in the long-term evolution process so as to adjust the relationship of man and nature along with man and man . Thinkers had been used to researching institution and its justice problem from different dimension such as economics, political science, sociology, ethics , science of law and so on .Because of using different language and means, different scholars or different schools frequently used different concept and method systems, and then the theories can not be interpreted and dialoged mutually. Hence, the understanding of the principle of institutional justice is also different and even mutually conflicting .The society that we confront is an entire society, the division of subject realms, so-called economics, political science , sociology and so on just proceeds from developing the demand for thorough analysing complex social life and makes a choice becausethe people is hard to research society synthetically from entirety. Considering any just principle of single realm as common principle of the entire society will certainly cause unjust result. It is the principle conflict of institutional justice in all sorts of differentiation realms that leads to writer's probing into the common base of institutional justice. The viewpoints of institutional justice in different realms are different evaluation from the different life base in essence. The social life is divided into the distinct planes, each plane possess its basis, so the different viewpoints of institutional justice on the basis of difference life plane is hard to avoid running into clash reciprocally .Any social realm and special realm ought not to impose itself justice principle as the general principle of social life on social life, or the just principle of different special realm ought not to imposed on others as the general principle of institutional justice. With the enhancement of social specialization and the deepening of social differentiation, we will not find the common base in general sense in any specialization realm or on any special social plane. Only when we surpass parochialism of all sorts ofspecialty realms, can we find the real base of institutional justice principle. Early in ancient Greece period Aristotle probed into the justice problem, the Chinese scholars'inquiring of the concept of institutional justice may date from the same age on the whole with the west . whether the western scholars or Chinese scholars have not thoroughly probed into the base problem of institutional justice in the entire visual angle of the social life. Some started off from the concrete situation, some started off from the abstract theory of human nature, some started off to research the problem of institutional justice from the different subject realms, thus their understandings of the principle of institutional justice wholly unavoidably have some one-sidedness, so they can not penetrate into one-step to hold the entire nature of institutional justice. At present Chinese social transformation is not in some concrete realm but overall. Facing to social life whole and overall transformation, the harmonious development of Chinese society need to possess the comprehensive institutional step to ensure, at the same time also needs agile diversified means with a clear aim. But establishing the fundamental principle of institutional justice in the life world or on the base of ordinary life, is still a pioneer thinking route .The research of predecessors conduces to writer to develop this thinking route, moreover possesses the significant inspiring function to establish the principle of institutional justice in the period of China'ssocial transformation . The multivariation of institutional justice ought to be confessed from the angle of the social differentiation and the social life multivariatization. But all kinds of complex relation must occur to people in the social life and they develop social communication on many kinds of planes. This means people always come into being all kinds of forms'conversations and communications on the problem of institutional justice. Whether to reach the common understanding or not is a prerequisite to realize harmonious communication. Since the common base to reach common understanding of institutional justice will be not found in all kinds of specialization realms, only when we secede from all kinds of specialization realms and surpass parochialism of all kinds of specialization realms, in ordinary life can we find the common base of institutional justice. In fact, all kinds of specialization realms are split up from people's ordinary life and all suck up their driving force in the respective development process. However, once all kinds of specialization realms are split up from the ordinary life, they will obtain relative independence. According to seeing about the historical evolution of the justice principle, we will be able to discover that the perpetual just principle does not exists at all. Justice is only the idealization aim in the development of mankind self. Once breaking away from man or abstracting the man, justice will be regarded as far away from man or an inhuman yardstick. Institutional justice is not only a kind of real order but also a kind of social ideal. Only when we begin withthe real social relations state along with people's self-conscious demand and value target, is it possible to find the real base of institutional justice .So we should start off from the common base of all kinds of lives of mankind ——the Ordinary life to shape common institutional justice and then we harmonize institutional justice viewpoints based on all kinds of the differentiation and the specialization life. Only like this, the unjust institutional elements which block the Chinese social progress can be amended or spurned, persist and carry forward the advantage of the socialist institution and the socialist market economy to realize social harmony, stabilization and sustainable development. Evaluating institutional justice by ordinary person confronting the ordinary life's guide line , this is the basic mode of researching institutional justice based on ordinary life and is also a real embodiment of ordinary person's means sparkplugged by A.Garfinkel. Allowing ordinary person to evaluate institutional justice by means of the ordinary life can survey out the realest and the most general impartial feeling. Analyzing the satisfactory degree of ordinary person's various life's guide line, counting the common understanding rate of ordinary person's different life difference and seeing about the harmonious degree of ordinary life is a fundamental measure of counting and measuring institutional justice. In the period of social transformation, the improvement and actualization of all kinds of social norm and institutional system are a process of continuous alteration, replenishment, improvement anddevelopment. This process must incarnate the demand of social justice or it can't supply the guaranty for social stabilization. Whether the social institutional system can incarnate the equity and efficiency's principle directly reflects that institutional system rationality and orientation . The market economy as a kind of rational and effective economic activity mode combine together completely organically with socialism. The key of problem lies in how to realize this kind of combination. The Chinese social transformation can't turn aside socialism to switch to other social institutions but use the market economy which is so far looked upon as a rational and effective social organization mode to construct a more rational social institution's just system on base of ordinary life, to constitute the principle of institutional justice from the ordinary life world. This is indispensable especially to the Chinese society in the period of transformation and it is the fundamental respect and the outlet of the Chinese social transformation. From two respects of theory and practice, this article carries on the experience's and whole research into the ordinary life base of institutional justice. The article is based on the Chinese real problem of the current period of social transformation, with the doubt of institutional justice from social real life as a cut-in point, adopting the means of induction and comparing to card and analyse the historical evolution of the institutional justice principle and the conflict of institutional justice of different realms, and then the ordinary life world is acted as the starting point of theory analysis to...