A Research On The Socialized Government Administration In The Perspective Of "State And Society"

After 1980s, the government management all around the world entered a big transforming age.In China, the long-term operation of planned economic system has formed an all-embracing government management system with highly centralized state power, which has not met the need of the economic and social development owning to its inefficiency;thus it directly resulted the constant market-based reform of economic system and socialized reform of government management system since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Party Central Committee.But, unlike the economic system reform, there is no clear and firm direction in the reform of government management system. In fact, the reform measures, such as its institutional reform and its function change course, have placed much attention on the meeting the need of an emergency. Thus the socialization has not been regarded as the direction or the value goal of the government management reform. Such empirical reform of government management will stop, and even fall back when the external state taking a favorable turn slightly;then it will make the reform fall into the mess of "streamlining—expanding" and the old recurrence of "decentralization—centralization".Therefore, the reform and innovation of government management system need a new and wider perspective to search and explain the real problem and its cause that exist in the government management reform. We should hold the direction of reform and innovation of the government management from more mighty and long-term historical background. Taking the nation and social relationships as the studying perspective, this paper is a theoretical experiment on the reform and innovation of government management, which has been putting into the ideal prospect of the "state power returns to the society" that Marx describes. It takes the socialization of the government management as the basic orientation that we should insist all the time in the reform and innovation of government management, while carries on the preliminary discussion on the necessity, principle, and route of the socialized reform of government management.From the relationship between the nation and the society, the main drawback of the traditional government management system of our country lies in the excessive nationalization of government management system, thus causes serious distortion of the nation and social relationships and excessive expansion of government power and the extreme shrinking of the society, resulting in double-losing in the ability of government management and social independent management. Therefore, socialized reform is needed.The reform in the socialization of government management is the need of practice, and the precaution, correction and compensation towards "government failure". At the meantime, the socialization of government management is in accordance with Marx's basic thoughts about therelationship between the nation and the society, as well as compatible to the basic historical trend of "making the state power back to the society". The society comes the first, and the nation remains the second. Society is a purpose, and nation is only a means of serving the society. As the society is being improved constantly, the nation should change its role gradually from a supervisor to a member of society and then come to a termination. So the government of the socialist state should have higher historical consciousness and implement the socialization reform of the government management voluntarily, as well as progressively return government power to the society and the people of the nation.As a socialist state, it is not merely essential but also possible for our government to manage the socialized reform. First of all, Communist Party of China and its government have no other special interests except the whole interests of the society. Therefore, the mentality of feudal privilege can be abolished completely, which cleared the political and interest obstacles for the socialized reform of the government management;Secondly, the development of socialist market economy makes the society obtain certain independence and the possibility to keep the initiative in its own hands in the economic field. There is comparatively great development in the social organizations of its self-service and self-management. This kind of gradually mature society can bear more and more management function that had been burdened by the government in the past. Moreover, with the development of network technology and the arrival of the information age, basic material ways for the socialized reform of government management have been offered. The socialized reform of government management means the society will free itself gradually from the shackle of the nation, and form a relatively independent field that is out of the arbitrary interference from the nation. However, this kind of society is not against the nation as the capitalist civil society once was. Under the socialist system, there is no basic interests' conflict between the nation and the society. In fact, the relation between the nation and the society should maintain a kind of benign and balanced state. Thus under the guidance of the government, the socialized reform of the government management must insist on the implement of such foundational principles that is good for the perfection of the society and the improvement of the government management quality step by step.The main task of the socialized reform of the government management is to pursue the rational boundary of the nation and the society from following three aspects according to the current situation of socio-economic development of our country in the primary stage of socialism. The first is the socialization of government organizations. Traditional system of government management includes all the social affairs in the range of management, thus obscure the distinction between the nation and the society, making the social organizations governmental organizations, which is the essential reason of the expansion of government organs. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate some management organizations of the government, such as government logistic organizations, some public institutionsand organizations under the jurisdiction of government, and so on, from the government, and then make them back to the society. The second is the socialization of the government management function, i.e. to return surplus management function that is absorbed from the society by the government to the society. For example, the economic management function is given to the market, while the community service function is for the community and non-government organizations. Thus let the market operates independently, and makes the community and NGO carry on the self-management and self-service as much as possible. The third comes the socialization of the government management style. That is to say, through several aspects such as communal participation of government administrative decision, social substitute of the implement on the administrative decision of government management, social evaluation on the performance of government management, and so on, make social forces permeate in the whole course of government management;thus guarantee the government insisting on serving society and people all the time, and becoming a real socialized government that belongs to its people.The purpose of socialized reform of government management is to break the traditional social state of excessive nationalization, and make it improve in socialized direction, thus realize the change of government management mode, as well as set up new government management mode that is in accordance with the system of socialist market economy. This purpose calls for the change from the centralized government to the democratic government, from the all-round government to the limited government, from the government based on the economic construction to the government based on the society construction, and from the controlling government to the service government.Finally, the socialized reform of government management is a long-term course. We should adhere to the socialized direction all the time, and prevent advancing impetuous in the reform, unpractically shuffling all the government responsibilities to the society, which will result in new social problems and fall into the trap of anarchism because of the inability of the society in bearing government responsibilities. Therefore, we should watch out and prevent the government from "vacancy" while correcting the "misplacement" and "offside" of the government, and make great efforts to improve government managerial ability, as well as to "supply the vacancy" actively;thus realize the inter-communication between the government and the society to form "joint forces of history", promote the harmonious development of the society, and finally fulfill the goal of making the human society towards the bright "community of freemen".