Research On The Fair Social System And The Optimization Of Rural Public Goods Supply

Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, the yardstick for politics and also the best status of social development. Only taking justice as the essential ethical objective and first value of social development to create impartial basis of institutional environments and reach the greatest degree of justice of whole society, can the social development be most efficient, collaborative and equilibrium, and can sustainable stability be possible.As the political philosopher with greatest influence in contemporary United States, Rawls's theory of justice has been being concerned widely at home and abroad. His theory of justice formed a complete system from principles of justice to social basic structure then to a fair social system of cooperation and finally to realize a well-ordered society. While many scholars supported or criticized his principles of justice, they usually neglected the inherent logic of his theoretical system of justice. The essential one is that they neglected one basic notion that society is as a society of fair social cooperation system in successive generations, which was always emphasized by Rawls. Therefore, how to coordinate people's cooperation to solve social conflicts that may arise, avoid a zero-sum game of survival of the fittest and shape a well-ordered society that all participants can be benefited from the cooperation undoubtedly is the main line and core of Rawls's justice theory and the core of his social development as well.Judging from the status of our country, Urban-rural dual system, unbalanced development of society, continuous outbreak of mass disturbance show that social contradictions have been faintly intensified, which all endanger fundamental stability and harmony of whole society. Thus, Rawls's notion that society as a fair cooperative system and its theoretical system is not only meaningful to solve current social problems in China, but also meaningful to fill the blank to a certain extent that academic circles lack in the field of social justice research in China.However, as long as the whole status of China is concerned, it is in great difficulties for us to construct a fair social justice of cooperation in a macro sense as well as the research on the fair social justice in a macro sense, which may be superficial and unable to disclose its inherent connection. Based on such consideration, the dissertation taking rural community governance as its main target narrows the research scale to a limited community and discusses what a fair social cooperation system means to the optimization of rural public goods supply.Beginning from two totally different governance phenomena in rural areas in Zhejiang province, the dissertation arrives at a conclusion on the fundamental pathways to realize a well-ordered society for all and universally benefited through comparative analysis. Then it turns to Rawls's notion of a fair social cooperation system to seek for theoretical explanation and analytical pathway, and realizes cut-in of "large theory, small problem". After the meticulous research on Rawls's notion of fair social cooperation system, the dissertation tests and verifies its use for reference for the optimization of rural public goods supply via method of typical case study, then combining with internationally advanced experience of rural public goods supply draws the final conclusion that multicenter deliberative and cooperative governance is the necessary choice for optimizing the supply of rural public goods, which completes the integrated research from problem to theory then to empirical research. Compared to other concerned research outcomes in China, it is innovative to a certainty. Furthermore, it is also innovative both on the trait of thoughts and practical pathways for problem solving that taking each supply subject in rural public goods supply as an integrated whole from the perspective of system theory, which makes the perspective of solving rural contradictory conflicts changed from solutions for opposite contradiction to deliberative and cooperative governance and optimization on the base of cooperation and common prosperity.The research framework is as following:1. Introduction: reasons for research and consideration on the practical problems. This part introduces the starting point of the whole dissertation and explanation on the practical problems. First it discusses social problems in China resulted from social injustice such as unbalanced development, polarization, social exclusion, severe environmental pollution and continuous outbreak of mass disturbance in rural areas. But what deserve careful reflection is that there also exists sustainable prosperous phenomenon in rural communities in Zhejiang province: Common prosperity, co-share, stable and harmonious, such as Tengtou Village in Fenghua, Huayuan New Village in Dongyang etc.. Through careful analysis, the dissertation believes its core elements consist in fair social basic structure and social distribution. Therefore, the dissertation put forward that to construct a fair social cooperative system to optimize the rural public goods supply and form a well-ordered society is the core to facilitate the rural development, maintain rural stability and harmony and build new socialist countryside.2. A fair social system of cooperation: definition. This chapter concentrates on basic elements of Rawls's fair social system of cooperation, basic social structure ofjustice, basic preconditions for fair social cooperation------public reason and citizenvirtue, and the meaning of fair social cooperation system to the social development.3. Rule system of fair social cooperation system. Rawls's fair social cooperation system was established on the basis of his two principles of justice. However, it is not enough if we merely rely on two principles of justice for the realization or maintenance of a fair social cooperation system. Therefore, the chapter's research on the concrete principles of social governance is meaningful to perfect Rawls's theory of justice. Compared to other researches on Rawls's justice theory at home and abroad, it is innovative both in the contents and theoretical system.4. Institutional framework of fair social cooperation system. This chapter probes into power and right system, public deliberation system, decision-making system of public affair governance, which try to perfect Rawls's fair social cooperation system and notion of social basic structure and realize innovation to a certain extent.5. The realization of fair social cooperation system——deliberative andcooperative system. Public governance under the circumstances of fair social cooperation system or a well-ordered society should be public deliberation + cooperative governance regulated by principles of justice and public reason, that is to say, multicenter deliberative and cooperative governance. Taking rural community, a community with limited scale, and combining with the reality of social transformation and governance innovation of local government, this chapter probes into concretepathway to realize fair social cooperation system at basic level——a governancemodel based on deliberation, game-playing and integration in the public forum——aswell as the reinvention of rules and roles for the rural community to construct deliberative and cooperative mechanism. The theory of deliberative and cooperative governance itself has originality and perfects the theoretical framework of governance and deliberative democracy.6. The fair social cooperation system and the optimization of rural public goodssupply——empirical study on the basis of rural specialist cooperatives in RuianZhejiang province. From the empirical point of view, this chapter studies the combination between the fair social cooperation system and rural public goods supply via the study on its fundamental institutional framework and running mechanism to verify the function of fair social cooperation system to the optimization of rural public goods supply.7.Conclusion : Multicentre deliberative and cooperative governance is a necessary choice for public goods supply in rural China. This chapter first researches the international experience of multicenter cooperative governance in rural public goods supply and its reference meaning to the optimization of rural public goods supply in China, which demonstrates the necessity for the application of fair social cooperation system in the supply of rural public goods, then also put forward some suggestions to perfect the rural public goods supply in China.