Analysis Of Ku Hong-Ming's Political Psychology

People are the main body of the political life, so study of politics can not ignore the human factor. People's political behavior is affected by their plitical psychology. Deifferent political psychology exports different political behavior. Political psychology is a kind of spontaneous, non-system psychological reflection. It forms in political socialization process and is stimulated by the external political environment. It includes reflection of political system, political leadership and political culture. Political psychology mainly includes political cogniion, political emotion and plitical attitudes. This paper studies Ku Hong-Ming's political psychology. The writer uses polital culture theory and method to analyze the ploical cognition, polital emotion and political attitudes of Ku Hong-Ming.Late Qing Dynasty is a period of history wrothy of attention. This is an era of collision with the integration of Chinese and Western civilization. On the one had, Chinese nation is facing the impact of modern western civilization and the aggression of Western powers, She must strive to achieve the rehabilitation of ancivent civiliztion and get country rich; On the other hand, Western nations have also been exposed the ugly face of bullying, she needs to absorb the strengths of Asian peoples and transforms their own civilization. In such a backdrop, traditional intellectual began to reflect troditional culture and understand modern western culture. They wanted to use academic strength to save national spirit. The scholars of this period differed from those of Chinese Ancient, they faced the impact of different cultures. The times gave them more responsibility, Their political psychology has more research significance.Ku Hong-Ming is a very special person in China's modern history. He had accepted the western education since childhood, but he loved traditional Chinese cluture after returning to China. His political achievements are less, but as a scholar-politician, he publised numarous articles on domestic and international politics. He had many thoughts and discussions on last Qing Dynasty. He often criticised and protested the acts of aggression against China and defensed for the Qing Dynasty.This paper insists on the methodolgical principle of unity of history and logic and uses political culture theory and method. The writer also absorbbs the concept of psychology. Because of the limitation of the obiect of study, this paper mainly uses literature analysis.This paper includes six parts. The introduction complets the preparatory work of the full text. At this point, the writer makes the significance of research questions, summarizes the research situation and defies the key concepts. At the same time, The writer explains the relation of political cognition, political emotion and political attitudes.Chapter one analyzes the political and social process of Ku Hong-Ming. Political psychology forms in a certain potitical and social process. This part includes family and school, peer group, background and Socio-political realities. The purpose is to explore the special foutors of the formation of his political psychology. As a Chinese descedent, there is always a Chinese complex and intimacy and attachment in Ku Hong-Ming's mind. So he became a firm and enthusiastic patriots when he grew up. At the same time, harmonious family atmosphere make Ku Hong-Ming's mind develop normally. Ku Hong-Ming had accepted western education since childhood and was influenced by western Romanticism deeply. His political psition and culture tendencies has a lot to Romanticism. Ku Hong-Ming encounted several figures who impacted him deeply, mainly including Ma Jian-Zhong, Zhang Zhi-Dong, Shen Zeng-Zhi, Liang Dun-Yan, Ling Ding-Fen, Zhao Feng-Chang. These diffeent types of friends impacted political socialization of Ku Hong-Ming at different levels and extent. Historical themes and task that time provides limited his trajectory of thinking and direction of activities. Wave of western anti-captialist made him long for Chinese traditional culture and Chinese people failed in learning form west intensified his love for Chinese traditional culture. He regards culture as the only way out of world and chinese politics and regards Chinese culture as a remedy to save the world.The second chapter analyzes political awaress of Ku Hong-Ming from three aspects: cognition of ocnfucian cuiture, cognition of ethics, cogniton of ills of current situation. Ku Hong-Ming folded to Chinese traditional culture after returnning motherland and attached great importance to the role of spirit and moral. This impacted his political view. It could be said that political cognition of Ku Hong-Ming was influenced by his cultural values. Ku Hong-Ming has his own unique cognition of confucian culture. He believed that confucian provideds a universal ethcis and its purpose is to attach importance to morality. He regarded confucianisn as a good citizenship religion. At the same time, Ku Hong-Ming paid special attention to role of ethcis. He regardes moral standards as an important yardstick to measure level of civilization and belived that ethics could maintain a good rule. Ku Hong-Ming belived that only real morality can reconstruct social order and maintain social peace. Ku Hong-Ming belived that ills of late Qing were that people did not repai(?) internal affairs and abide by rulrs and regulations when doing foreign affairs. He also believed that "pseudo-scholars" are corrupt leaders in the community.The third chapter analyzes political sentiment of Ku Hong-Ming. Ku Hong-Ming embodies rich and powerful emotion colorand he dare hate and love. He was extremely loyal to monarchy, have a strong feeling love for his motherland and hated powers deeply. These three kinds of political emotion dominate him to express a series of political statements and engage in political activities. Ku Hong-Ming published a series of articles in order to call for powers to respect Chinese sovereignty and defend Qing Dynasty; He hated Yuan Shi-Kai to betray Qing Dynasty and attacked him violently; After fall of Qing Dynasty, Ku Hong-Ming participated restoration movement. The most shinning parts of Ku Hong-Ming are patriotism and integrity and honesty. He gave up a generous treatment of foreign countries in order to serve his country; he safeguardsed motherland's sovereignity and dignity by using diplomatic means; he carried forward Chinese traditional culture to west vigorously. At the same time as a sincere patriot, Ku Hong-Ming hated western powes in particular.The forth chapter analyzes political attiudes of Ku Hong-Ming. Pollitical attiude of Ku Hong-Ming is fundmently stubborn conservative. He agreed on monarchy and negatived innovation movement and movement to overthrow Qing Dynasty. He judged important political figures by morality and whether they were loyal to Qing Dynasty. His political attiude formed on the basis of political cognition and political emotion. Political attiude is very stable and do not change much in one's life. Ku Hong-Ming faithfuly supported monarchy, spoke highly of manchu nobility. He holded opposed attitude to most political movement.The fifth chapter is conclusion of the paper. Ku Hong-Ming is a typical cultural conservative and his political psychology, has common characteristics with other conservatives. Meanwhile, due to his family environement, education and contact with colleagues, Ku Hong-Ming's political psychology has its own special characteristics. The common characteristics are:strong nationlism, cultural awareness as a guide of political awareness and moral standard. His speciality is that political conservatism and cultural conservatism is highly consistent. Ku Hong-Ming's political psychology manifested the spirit of the times and general political mentality of modern cultural conservatism. At the same time, he has made some contribution to modern China:he maintained dignity of Chinese nation and his patriotic spirit won respect of the world. Ku Hong-Ming's political psychology has a certain contemporary value, it can give us enlightment on how to deal with relationship between Chinese and western culture and how to deal with relationship between tradition and modernization.