.20 1960s, China's National Security Policy Research

This paper attempts from a historical perspective of review and reflection of Chinese national security in 1960s, study national security policy through diplomatic, military and other perspectives, from security relations between China and the US, the Soviet Union, India and Chinese Taiwan during this period. This paper provides reference for Chinese national security policy in the 21st century. In this paper, the theoretical and practical significance lies in summarizing Chinese national security policy in 1960s.Mao Zedong Thought about the national security in the 1960s include: (1) a strong sense of national sovereignty; (2) adequate preparations for war; (3) the strategy of the combination of principle and flexibility ; (4) the causes of war is imperialism; (5) the national defense strategy of the combination of active defense, lure the enemy ,defense the enemy and let them in, people's war; (6) handle the economy and national defense construction properly; (7) focus on domestic regime stability, vigilance of party change into revisionism and the national change " color ".1960s is the most complex and the greatest threat period for China's security environment and national security. China's defensive area is moved from the southeast coastal region to the north, China's defensive country mainly transferred from the US to the Soviet Union, especially the Soviet Union. China resisted the pressure from the US and the Soviet Union in 1960s.The main features of Chinese national security are: (1)The threat source is traditional security, mainly military security, that is, military invasion of enemy to China; (2)The first threat country is the US, its second threat country is the Soviet Union; (3)The basic contents of Chinese national security is to safeguard the national survival security, national unity and territorial integrity; (4)The principal means to maintain security through the strengthening of prepare to prevent the outbreak of war and strive for the peaceful international environment.China adjusted its foreign and military policy in response to enormous pressure and prepare the war. Chinese leaders judged that China would face a full-scale war. Mao Zedong abandoned the "one-sided" foreign policy, proposed the "two fists beating" strategy to against not only the US, but also the Soviet Union. China strengthened relations with Asia, Africa and Latin American countries, and improved relations with Japan and Western Europe. In the late of 1960s, Chinese leaders began to realize that China must adjusted with relations the US and the Soviet Union, to avoid the double pressure. In the field of national defense construction, China strengthened the "two bombs" and nuclear submarines to improve China's national defense capabilities and improved China's international status. Historical experience has proven, to be not controlled by others, we must have the strength to curb the war threat and win the war.In the 1960s, Mao Zedong safeguarded Chinese national security as the fundamental purpose, enemy never dared to invade China. China accumulated experience in the defense of national sovereignty and territorial integrity in 1960s. China prepared for military struggle on the most difficult and complicated situation; China upheld people's war thoughts and practiced defense policy. In the 1960s, China faced with serious national security situation, Chinese national defense mobilization system and national defense run into the extraordinary development stage; China developed sophisticated weapons; China practiced key preventive and garrison according to war prepare, because the Chinese prepared ready to fight with the spiritual and material aspects , it guaranteed China's national security and socialist construction.China accumulated a lot of experiences in defending national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity. China's experiences and shortcomings in national security policy during 1960s are valuable treasure for us in studying Chinese national security issues today.