Pension Problems Of The Urban One-child Families In Beijing

Aging of population is a dynamic process of continually increasing of the elderly in the proportion of the total population. With rapid development of social economy, longer human life expectancy and lower birth rates, the aging of population has become increasingly apparent. Soon after the general aging of population in developed countries, a large number of the elderly population is growing in developing countries, and the age structure changes much faster than that in developed countries. In 1999, our country entered the aging society. The gradual aging of the population has been affecting our society and everyone's life. And it has led to many social problems, among which old supporting is the first one. At present, the aging of population in our country is in the period of rapid development. However, as a developing country, our old-supporting security system is still not quite perfect. Thus, our whole society has to face the great pressure of supporting the old. And so does each family. Moreover, among all family structures, the one-child family structure has its special nature. Therefore, this kind of families has to encounter many more problems than ordinary families. They may have more old-supporting difficulties and risks. So it is obvious that the old-age pension problem of one-child families is particularly worthy of concern. There are two causes to our country's one-child families. One is people's spontaneous choice and the other is people's active response to one-child policy. At present, the one-child generation has become a unique large group of our country, thus, at this background the one-child family pension issues have undoubtedly become a major focus. The pension situation of the one-child families directly relates to the happiness of each family, our national harmony and stability. Therefore, there is no doubt that this study of the one-child family pension issues is a matter of great theoretical and practical significances.This paper aims at applied research. And for the sake of research purposes and design needs, this study focuses on the urban one-child family pension issues in Beijing. For these, the author has done further investigations and interviews, basing on the following two surveys, one is the Urban one-child family pension Survey in Xuanwu and Xicheng Districts and the other is on the risk and the protection of one child disability or death in this kind of one-child families in Xuanwu District. During the Course of investigation, the author found that many of the one-child families now have old-age pension difficulties, and for future they have risks for old-age pension. Especially those parents whose only-children are disabled or killed are very miserable. Their tearing stories often let the author ponder about the elderly pension problems.Owing to the one-child families as the particularity of this study and the author's diversity points of view, this study not only has great practical significances but also strong academic ones. From the practical sense, it is urgent to study of the one-child families, pension issues to avoid the risks of old-age pension; it is feasible to provide long-term old-age pension programs; and it is advancing with the times to explore new concepts for old-age pension. From the academic sense, this multi-angle study of old age is innovative; from a system perspective to explore the one-child families trying to avoid the risk of old-age problem is original; meanwhile based on the actual case study of one-child families, pension issues, by using the multi-disciplinary theories of sociology, demography and gerontology, building a diversified pension model will undoubtedly have some theoretical and practical reference values.This dissersation is mainly divided into three parts. The first and second chapter is the basis of it. And the second part is the body part, which is from the third chapter to the sixth one. Chapterâ…¦is the last part, which has summarized the whole dissertation. This dissertation has drawn the following conclusions. Firstly, the rigid and vulnerability of one-child family structure will result in a variety of old-supporting hardship. Secondly, the one-child families will have different old-supporting needs in different situations. Thirdly, the one-child era needs a new "culture of filial piety". Fourthly, the selection of old-supporting ways is rational and dynamic. According to the above findings, we think in the old days, the one-child families reversed the plight of the population at the expense of individual reproductive interests. Today, our country should seriously consider the one-child family pension issues. We should make every effort to resolve the plight of the one-child families, actively promote a culture of filial piety, taking full account of the old-supporting needs of the one-child families to accelerate the construction and improvement of urban old-supporting service system to safeguard the only child parents to live smooth, happy and dignified life during their old ages.