| Social security is one of the most important socioeconomic systems of modern countries and is the important symbol of social progress and social civilization. Construction of sound social security system adaptive to socioeconomic development level is both the inevitable demand of coordinated development of economy and society and the important guarantee of social stability and long-term peace and order of country. At present China is in the rapid development period of preliminary stage of socialism. The old system has been broken down and the new system being set up step by step. Still existing problems brought by lack of social security under the planned command economy and continuous emergence of new social contradictions in the process of building new system twist together, which make China face the extremely severe and complex situation. Under such a background if there is no sound social security system adaptive to socioeconomic development of China, it will be impossible to have the long-term economic development and social harmony and stability. The main body of this thesis can be divided into six chapters.1. Related literature review. In this chapter the development of social security theories is reviewed and summarized from three aspects: Marxist social security thought, origin and development of social security theories in foreign countries and the evolution of Chinese social security research. Marxist classical writers of social security thought covered a wide range and it involved all the basic content of modern social security. In the specific research, they followed dialectical materialism's way of thinking from beginning to end, started with the social security program which is adaptive to development level of social productive forces in that period and analyzed the social security thought. In Marxist social security thought, there was already the rudiment of socialist social security and it was very instructive to the later practice of socialist society. Following Marx and Engels, Marxist classical writers inherited and developed Marxist social security thought. On the basis of profoundly criticizing the essence of capitalist social security, they put Marxist social security thought into the practice of socialist revolution and construction and put forward many precious thoughts which established the theoretical foundations for the building and development of socialist social security. The earliest western economic theory of social security can be traced back to Adam Smith. At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century with the rapid development of capitalist society and the acceleration of industrialization, the contradiction between capitalist relation of production and productive forces was even more outstanding, gap of wealth expanded gradually with polarization, antagonism between labor and capital is increasing intense and the society was in an extreme unstable state. Under such a background of that time, social security became the hot spots of research for schools and many economic theory of social security emerged as the times required. The theory circle usually divide western social security theory into three schools, that is, democratic socialism school, the liberal school and middle course school. Through the systematic study and analysis, the origin, changes and development of western social security theory is basically clear and this lays the foundation for the further study. The study of social security theory started late in China and the researches include two aspects: study on foreign social security theory and system and Chinese social security theory and practice. At present there are many problems existing in the social security theoretical research in China, for example, copying western social security theory, and paying no attention to the exploration of classical Marxist literature as well as basic research and experience summary of socialist social security theory. The analysis and summary of existing problems aims to promote Chinese social security theoretical research closely relate to the reality and further broaden and deepen the research areas. 2. Political economy analysis on social security. This chapter examines the functions of social security, and social security's relation to redistribution of social wealth, social reproduction, social justice, public administration and the socialist property from the perspective of political economy. Social security system is an important social economic policy and plays an important part in the social economic development. Social security has the functions of economy, politics, society and others. Social security can increase people's spending and redistribution of national income, guarantee the need of reproduction of labor power, help to adjust the social balance between supply and demand. Especially the long-term accumulation of social security fund favors the adjustment of investing and financing. Social security is not only an economic measurement but also a political measurement of consolidating state power and safeguarding the present political and economical system. It is the product of political need and in turn it serves politics. The aim of social security is to defuse the risk and contradiction in people's real life, satisfy people's need of living and development, maintain starting point of fairness and equality in the developmental process under the conditions of social competition and then has the function of stabilizing social order. From the perspective of political economy, social security is a kind of redistribution of social wealth, and an important means of adjusting social equality; as a security mechanism, social security system can ensure the smooth operation of social reproduction and promote development of social production; social security is also the content of public administration and is the most important public goods, at the same time it is also a very important public policy; the relation between social security and socialism attributes is interdependent. The essential attributes of socialism is the principle for government to formulate all the policies and systems. In the construction of social security with Chinese characteristics only insisting socialist system the realization of fundamental quality of social security system can be guaranteed.3. Empirical studies related to economic development and social security. In this chapter, using the methods of modeling, statistic analysis and others, the author did the empirical analysis of social security's relation to Chinese economy and regional economic development, as well as the influence of social security to consumption, in order to provide empirical support for the further study. For a long time the relation between social security and economic growth is the core of research problems related to social security in the study of security system in modern society. Seeing the development of western economics, theories of classical economics, neoclassical economics and modern economics, major schools in different times all did research of this issue. In late year Chinese academic circle also pays a close attention to this issue. Through the empirical study of relation between Chinese economic growth and social security, the conclusion is made: there is only unidirectional causal relationship between social security expenditure of China and its economic growth, that is to say, social security expenditure is not the main reason of economic growth while economic growth is the Granger cause of social security. That also means that exemplary role of economic growth to social security is much bigger than the improving role of financial budget of social security to economic growth. It objectively reflected the reality of rapid economic development and relative lagged social security system in China. Through the empirical study of relation between regional economic development and social security, the conclusion is made: there is positive correlation and consistency in the relationship between different regional economic development level and social security level. Through the empirical study of the influence of social security to consumption, the conclusion is made: there is unidirectional causal relationship between social security expenditure and consumption needs, that is, the change of social security expenditure can cause the change of consumption needs.4. Practical course and lessons learned of social security with Chinese characteristics. In this chapter the development process of Chinese social security is reviewed and commented. The successful experiences are summarized and the problems needed to be further solved are pointed out. This can help the further study a lot. 60 years socioeconomic development history of new China is also an evolution of social security system. Founding 60 years, social security of China has come into being from scratch, from small to big and undergone a circulating development process of building, developing, completing and reforming. Making a general survey of development process of Chinese social security, it can be basically divided into three stages: the first is the forming stage of social security based on labor insurance, the second is the reformation and exploration stage of social security focusing on social insurance, and the third stage is the integrated development and system innovation stage aiming at balancing urban and rural. When summarizing the 60 years development of Chinese social security, especially the exploration course since reform and open up, there are still some urgent problems to be solved in the construction of social security system. Each big change of social economy brought the opportunity of system innovation to social security. Whether success or failure, whether experience or lessons, facing every opportunity and challenge Chinese social security can break out of the pain of transformation and hardness of reformation and play an irreplaceable role in sound development of the economy, and social harmony and stabilization.5. Comparison with foreign social security system and its implication to China. In this chapter there are four sections of analyzing and comparing the social security systems of America, Sweden, Germany and Singapore and they imply the further study. Through almost one hundred years of development and continuous reformation, western developed countries all built their characteristic social security systems. America takes the tradition of liberalism, and with the basic principle of efficiency comes first it gradually builds social security system with multi channel of capital source, multileveled management structure and wide content of security. With more than 80 years development, Swedish social security system with modern significance has gradually built a whole set of social security system from the cradle to the grave and it also makes Sweden the symbolic window of show window of Northern European welfare countries. Germany is the first country which builds the modern social security system in the form of legislation of social insurance. The social security system under the social market economy model of Germany is different from what in welfare countries like Sweden where the country wholly bears the national social welfare responsibilities and it does not like America which pursues efficiency comes first. Through the development of more than 100 years, Germany has formed social security system with its own characteristics. As a new developed capitalist country in Asia, Singapore builds the social security system in which the central provident fund is the core and this is a long-term savings program guaranteed its implementation by government authority.6. The construction of social security system with Chinese characteristics. This chapter contains countermeasures and suggestions of building a sound social security system with Chinese characteristics. Starting from the national conditions and actual development, build social security system which is adaptive to social economic development level; insist the goal of everyone enjoys social security, on the basis of social insurance, social assistance and social welfare prioritize the development of basic pension, basic medical treatment and basic subsistence allowance system, make charities and commercial insurance as the effective supplement, accelerate the building and perfecting of social security system; persist in fairness and justice, further perfect legal system of social security; on the principle of synergy realize the optimum interaction among social security system and income distribution, labor employment, public finance and other policies; with the non control mechanism as complementary means, build social security concept and moral norm.
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