The City With The Vision Of The Church: System Of Medieval Universities In Europe Occurrence And Evolution

European medieval universities are the origin of modern universities, but also are the most important world civilization legacy. Within the framework of modern universities around the world, we can find their source and initial institutional manifestation system of university autonomy, academic division, college organizations and degree from the university during the middle Ages. Moreover, the university is the only European institution to maintain its basic mode, the same social function and public role in its history and the process of development. And its role has been strengthened and expanded continually.The medieval university in this paper refers to an independent higher education institution which is founded on the 10-15 century AD in European society, to disseminate advanced knowledge as the mission and enjoy a high degree of autonomy. The focus of this paper is surveying the institutional factors on occurrence and development of the medieval University, including its system origin, institutional characteristics, organizational structure and the content of external relations from the perspective of institutional analysis; demonstrating the historical process of the appearance, the development and the transformation of medieval university with a view to the system as the main line.The medieval universities were born from the complex background and their development went through the tortuous process. The author regards the university autonomy as the core, investigates the legitimacy source of the university institution system, the internal organization, the privileges enjoyed by the medieval universities, the management system of the teachers and students, university activities and other contents successively; tries to show the overall system in the face of the medieval university and special qualities. Based on the historical documents, using historical analysis and systems analysis methods, the author combs through the literature and analyses the historical evolution and inner logic of medieval universities in the unity of the system, thus answers the fundamental questions- "What is the medieval universities" and "What is the historical heritage of the medieval universities".This paper consists of five chapters:First of all, the author inspects the source of the university system from the Middle Ages background of medieval universities birth. In order to specify the system element needs of the medieval university birth, the author selects the most representative universities to analyze, the Paris University and the Bologna University. This can explain the birth process, and clarify the primary system and institutional impacts of the university further more.Secondly, from the guild features of the medieval university, the author studies the prerogative of the university institutional system, analyzes the source of these powers and the impact on the university development.Thirdly, the author studies the basic organizational structure and its development of the medieval university, including the early association, professor guild and finally forms of the academy, explores the origin of these organizations, as well as character of management systems and institutional development trends.Fourthly, based on the study of the organizational structure of the medieval university, the author probes into the internal organizations and operational structure of the medieval university as an institutionalized and organized academic institution, in order to show the inherent contradiction and the implicit conflicts in the medieval university organizations and systems more clearly.Fifthly, started from the complex political situation in the Middle Ages in Europe, the author explores the institutional change process of the interactions and effects between the university and the external environment under the impact of the different power structures. The core problem is how the university adapts itself to changes in the external environment, realizes the changes at the same time and these changes have produced the institutional structure of the university.Finally, from the decline and transformation of the medieval university, the author finds out the historical reasons about the changes in the university system, and sums up the historical and cultural value, as well as limitations of the medieval university.This is the first Chinese study about sorting out the history of the Europe medieval university from the view of a system point. Through the perspective of historical narrative and analysis of the medieval university institutional system, the author attempts to explain a viewpoint that institutionalized, self-organized and independent academic institutions is the system foundation which the university is University from the source in its history has already proven.The greatest contribution to the modern university of the medieval universities is which universities are likely to practice their own mission and continue to respond to the needs of society unless a well-defined institutions and rigorous academic organizations established. This is reflected not only on the origin time of the medieval university, also on the medieval university development, decline and transformation process.In this study, a breakthrough stays in the following areas:1) an in-depth analysis of the birth background of the medieval university system and the build basis; 2) analysis of the game between the medieval university, the church and secular forces, as well as the conditions of the formation of the university autonomy and the significance; 3) illustration of the system features and significance of the internal organization of the medieval universities, concessions and external relations.