Research On The Changes Of The Sports Science And Technology Policies In China

By applying the methods of document literature, historical research, comparative analysis, interview, and textual analysis, this paper studies the process of sports science and technology policies in China, the characteristic of their changes, and the dynamic mechanism of the changes. And in the finial, the paper proposes the ideas and principles of adjustment and improvement of sports science and technology policies in China in the new period. The following conclusions are drawn.Conclusion one:The process of the changes of sports science and technology policies in China is divided into six stages. They are creating the foundation (1949-1965), encountering serious setback (1966-1977), recovery and development (1978-1989), deepen the reform (1990-2000), creating brilliant (2001-2008), running for the strongest country (after the 2008 Olympic Games).Conclusion two:There are many characteristics in the changes of the sports science and technology policies. The changes of sports science and technology policies are greatly restricted by the political lines and science and technology policies. The changes followed closely the changes of the sports polices of and science and technology polices. Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium coexisted in the changes. The main experiences of the changes are as following. Adhere to take the science and technology polices and strategic adjustment of sports as the direction. Adhere to make the plans of sports development and the reforms of sports science and technology system. Adhere to top-down way of compulsory change and progressive change. The main lessons of the changes are as following. The policy system is not perfect. The forward-looking of policy is not strong. The scientific and democratic level of sports science and technology policies is not high.Conclusion three:The changes of sports science and technology policies include the changes of policy subject, policy object and policy environment. The sports government departments always are the main part of the policies. The role of experts in the policies has gradually been taken seriously. The dominant position of the public in the policies is lack. In different historical periods, the focus of the object of the sports policies is different. Policies environment vary as the times change.Conclusion four:Generally speaking, policy-making of sports science and technology policies is being used incremental policy-making model instead of elite policy-making model in China. Political elite still has powerful influence on policies. Sports science and technology policies are with a strong elitism color during the changes of them. Policy implementation is always being used top-down bureaucratic organizational model in the control of the government. There have not been rigorous formal assessments in sports science and technology policies in China by now.Conclusion five:It is external environment, political system, the nature of policy, and the network of policy that affect the changes of sports science and technology policies. The changes of sports science and technology policies are determined by the interaction composition force between internal and external driving force and resistance force, which make the sports science and technology policies change. The speed and direction of their changes are directly related to the size and direction of this composition force.Conclusion six:We should take the concept of scientific development as the fundamental guiding ideology of adjustment and improvement of the sports science and technology policies in the new period. The direction of the needs of the sports science and technology, the human-oriented idea of the science and technology development, revitalization of the sports by science and education, and coordinate development between competitive sports science and technology and mass sports science and technology will be adhered to. Mass sports science and technology should gradually be strengthened. Let the sports science and technology serve the majority of the people. The following principles should be adhered to when the sports science and technology policies are adjusted and improved, which include characteristics of principle, people-oriented principle, targeted principle, efficiency principle, the principle of coordinated development, the principle of the combination of reality and forward-looking, the principle of combination of scientific and democratization, and the principle of combination of standardization and legalization. The aims, emphases, contents, change model of the sports science and technology policies should be adjusted. The construction of the policy theory and the policy assessment system should be strengthened. Sports science and technology policy-making advisory system, sports science and technology policy procedure system, public participation in sports science and technology policy system, sports science and technology policy making, implementation and evaluation system should be established.