Investigations Of Governing Of Academic Misconduct Behaviors Of The University Faculties

Since 1990s, numerical official documents from governments had been presented aiming at the severe phenomenon of the academic corruption of the university faculties in China. However, these documents are not enough for the completely elimination of these bad academic behaviors. Academic scandals keep upgrading which bring severe crisis for the reputation and credibility of teachers. As the main power for the academic research, university faculties play important rules in academic developing and scientific improvements. How to avoid those academic corruption phenomena becomes a serious issue. How many bad academic behaviors have been done to which are not paid enough attention? Why academic corruptions occur? And more important, what the society and universities are supposed to do? What can the society, and universities do? How to do? Who? These issues require a serious and deep investigation.After interviews with 20 excellent domestic professors, as well as the literature review, twenty-four items of implicit characteristics of academic corruption behaviors are listed and a corresponding table is made. Through cluster analysis, bahaviors like scientific research funding wasting, low technical level repeating, lacking of scientific guidance, backdoor deals of scientific project review, unjust of academic achievements, random academic punishment, etc. are classified for different roles that university faculties play as, i.e., the researcher, the supervisor, the reviewer or the manager. Characteristics and interactive relationship of those four categories are investigated with multivariate analysis of variance.Currently the academic managements in China are going through a transition period. When normal academic activities can not be done through reasonable institutional ways, grey districts between reasonable and unreasonable become active. Vicious circles in academic behaviors occur due to the mess up of multiple roles of university faculties. This messing up of multiple roles is caused by many reasons, such as the weakness of the academic inheritance, lacking of academic regulations, imperfection of the mechanism of academic evaluation, missing of academic accountability regulations, and primarily, the popularity of ranking of culture.Differences between academic philosophies between China and western countries are caused by the significant differences of their own traditional cultures. Chinese scholars prefer to define academic dishonesty behaviors as violations of the moral, while western scholars prefer to treat academic bad behaviors with regulations which are influenced by the spirit of traditional contract. Obviously, along the increasing requirements of the society and the rapid development of science, the traditional academic science has transformed to the science which is related with industries closely. Scientific investment keeps increasing and the competitions of professional titles, reputations, resources are much fiercer, which make the moral constraint in academic behaviors insufficient. Meanwhile, the academic management is always affectedly by administrative means, social education means, and moral demonstration means. Due to the lacking of academic management laws, academic regulations and relevant laws can only treated those academic bad behaviors in a very limited region. Even though regulations made since 1990s, especially since 2000s, are more operational, they are still not systematic and definite enough. The regulation of the national science and technology plan implementation of scientific misconduct treatment measures (try out) applies to a small region and the legislative level is relatively low. In 2010 China "Scientific Integrity and Style Construction Symposiunm" appeal to add the academic legislation in to the schedule of governments. The existing traditional academic management institutions need to be updated.Based on the assumption of Behavior Modification,Behavior Strengthening Affirmation,action and public space, and the pursue for the academic justice and academic order, the textualized and signifying period appearing in the history for US to handle the academic corruption behaviors comes in to the author's mind. Since the late 1980s, the US government began to intervene the academic activities with legislation and judiciary. The Scientific Misconduct On The Federal Policy and other relevant academic laws are published, governmental offices established by law like Scientific Research Integrity and Inspector General are founded to define the legal responsibilities of the government in academic activities. In addition, the classical University of California at Berkeley Academic Misconduct Management Measures provides the institutional guarantee for the justice and transparence of academic activity management behaviors. This kind of regulation is closely related with academic and social environments in US, such as the law spirit, separation of powers, honesty-emphasized social norm, complete academic norm system, tenure track, etc. There are several ways of academic management regulations, in which the legal mean is the primary way. Legal mean is the most effective way to prevent and treat academic corruption behaviors, and this kind of mean also regulate running of other means for academic corruption control.Due to the requirement of the social reality as well as the deteriorating cycle of the academic corruptions of university faculties, constructing a complete and effective academic management institution can no longer be avoided. To set up and improve academic management institutions, the legal system in China can be more complete. Those institutions can act as samples for a legal state to handle the academic environment. Academic management work can be run into the institutionalized rail by developing the academic accountability regulations, consolidating the peer review evaluation regulations, improving the supervision system; Academic regulations can be upgraded to the lay level by academic legislation; Academic management experiences can be transformed into institutions by considering the multi interactions between special laws, comprehensive laws, as well as academic management regulations in universities; Meanwhile, the academic-primary spirit should be re-emphasized and academic environment in which failures are allowed should be constructed, masters who have exalted states should be cultivated. These measures may be helpful to solve long-term, global issues occurred during the academic development in universities.