Research On The Construction Of Urban Publicity

Publicity is the essential element of human society, because the human nature requires a social and public life. Therefore, publicity, the essence of social and political life, forms the foundation of mankind and society. Compared with individualism and privacy, this social element features commonality and sharing based on the foundation of both, while individualism performs in the environment of publicity. As a result, the development of human society is the process of achieving publicity and autonomy, developing from the ambiguity between the public and the private to the publicity on which self governance is based. The former is a"false publicity (governance)"that features sole entity, which means that what an individual has is what the public owns, while the latter publicity (autonomy) features equal consultation with multi-entity that is tolerant to individualism and diversity. The development of publicity indicates the achievement of community prosperity, the advancement of common welfare and the fulfillment of individual freedom. Therefore, it is an important index in assessing social development.In China, the issue of restructuring publicity of urban society arose with the development of market economy and diminishing of working units. The democracy of economy requires the democracy of social organizations and management. The traditional publicity of the country (country—working units—individuals) is based on the fact that the country performs manipulation of all the social resources through the working units. However, the development of market economy, the free flow of resources and the diversity of resource distribution has shaken the foundation of such one-entity publicity. As the reform of working units proceeded, the national publicity diminished and a variety of realms and entities have taken shape, namely, the country, the market and society. Against this background, the building of communities not only means the reorganization of atomized social entities but also the construction of urban publicity feature equal consultation amongst a variety of entities.However, the new scenario of multi-publicity relies on the development of its main body. Especially, when"society"refers to autonomy and the development of the main body that is different from the country and the market, it would serve as the premise of the new scenario. Therefore, the major duty of community construction is to produce a society which is an independent public area from the country and a common body of community inhabitant autonomy. Such communities will be given back the right of decisions from the government of public affairs. Thus only on the foundation of community inhabitant autonomy can the transformation of urban publicity can be made. Then the government, the community and the market will be able to work together in terms of managing regional public affairs and common welfare. To sum up, community inhabitant autonomy holds the key to the building of publicity of urban society, and the process of building such publicity can be seen from the development of community residents'self-governance.China and Japan are both situated in East Asia sharing common culture, having a tradition of centralization of authority by the government. Meanwhile, as late modernized countries, China and Japan are facing similar social structure and transformation of publicity in globalization. They have formulated community policies that promote urban communities in an effort to advance community autonomy. Therefore, when assessing the community construction and community residents'self-governance of our country, it is advisable to keep an eye on what is happening around the Japanese counterpart, which could offer experience and guidance on building urban publicity of our country.Through the investigation and study of community residents'self-governance and community polity and cities of both countries, we can draw the following conclusions: As Japan takes the lead in economy and modernization, its community policy started earlier than China and its community residents'self-governance has more foundations of the masses. Due to the difference of political systems, Japan has achieved tremendously in its community residents'self-governance, participation of residence, community activities, citizen awareness, the development of NPO and the autonomy of residence in communities. In comparison, China was late to develop its economy and modernization, has a strong government and advances both community construction and autonomy of communities, thus the publicity was slow to develop.Under the leadership of the government, the community residents'self-governance in our country is promoted and managed by community residents' committees. In the whole, since the 1990s, the building of urban community has been advancing towards community residents'self-governance and a considerable progress has been made after reform and opening up. Relevant laws have been enforced and the community residents'self-governance has been established and improved. Besides, the realms of community residents'self-governance have been largely expanded and the participation of residents enhanced. However, the level of community residents'self-governance is comparatively low and is far from autonomy publicity, especially when compared with Japan. To be specific, China has a sound system but a relatively deficient autonomy in reality, as there are many factors that limit the autonomy of residents.Specifically, there are a few contradictions between different laws in terms of community autonomy and some exist in China's political system. Moreover, as for the power of community autonomy of the community residents' committees, its main duty is to serve and manage, without much participation in the formulation of relevant policies. In addition, though the local residents participate more in compulsive activities rather than practical affairs.In conclusion, community residents'self-governance in China has made some progress in building urban publicity. However, due to China's centralized authority and its tradition of one-polar publicity, the c community residents'self-governance in our country has not become an independent area from the government, thus more effort is needed. Moreover, more reforms in our political system and policies are necessary in dealing with the contradictions in the rules and laws concerning community residents'self-governance. What is more, the duty of the government should be transformed and the power of community autonomy should be strengthened. The residents will participate more in decision makings of local public affairs with the community residents' committees offering sufficient guidance and developing NGOs and NPOs that share common interests. Last but not least, the experience of enhancing community construction and community residents'self-governance of Japan can be drawn in order to promote the same course in China, as it is also the right time because of the constant activities that owners of houses take to protect their property rights and improve their living environment when a new round of commercialization of houses and reconstruction of the old city town are just around the corner.