Research On Population Development In Mongolia

Population is the most basic and most important factor in the development ofhuman society. Civilization is the product of human population where a number ofpeople were required for the beginning of civilized interaction. Similarly,development and progress of human beings depends on the size of the population andit is important for the continuation of civilization for coming generations. On the otherhand, continuous rise in human population is creating obstacles in the process ofdevelopment.Mongolia is located in Central Asia with a total area of1,564,116squarekilometers, world's second-largest landlocked country and Mongolia land area isranked18thin the world. Even though Mongolia has wide territory and abundantmineral deposits, it has only2755000number of population in2010and the country'spopulation density is1.76people per square kilometer. Population is one of the mainissues of Mongolia:1. Scare density and scanty population2. Migration from Rural to a few urban cities, and emigration of people to othercountries.3.43%of Mongolia's population is living in Capital Ulaanbaatar whereunemployment level is still higher.4. Income inequality and gap between rich and poor is widening.Along with social structure, economic transformation and urbanization,demographic changes are also a main issue in Mongolia. In this backdrop, I chose thetopic of my thesis 'The population issues in Mongolia'. While conducting research onpopulation issues in Mongolia, I using statistical estimation of population andhousehold census, especially that of2010and surveyed the number of population,fertility rate, mortality rate,, migration and urbanization Besides detailed study ofcurrent situation of population, I also analyzed development orientation of populationin Modern Mongolia, population structure, migration and urbanization. This studyrevealed that change of population influencing economic and social development. Also, this study considered the issues of future social and economic development andpolicy approaches on the bases of population projection and come up with suggestionof suitable development method of population and economy.The thesis contains8chapters. The first chapter is preface and, it discusses thesisargument, area of research, theoretical argument, study by Mongolian and foreignresearchers, and plan of research.In the second chapter, I studied changes in the population size and divided it intothree stages. After studying factor such fertility rate, mortality rate and normal growthof population. I explained process of transition and trend of population in Mongolia.In the second chapter I also, discussed the bases of changes in populationreproduction and growth of population.The third chapter is the analysis of women fertility rate in Mongolia by Using theBirth rate, general fertility rate and total fertility rate indices. The design of fertility ofpopulation is explained looking into factors, that influence fertility rate, social andeconomic development.In the fourth chapter, mortality of population is studied by bringing mortality ofpopulation, infant mortality and average life expectancy into consideration. Suchindices explained the changes in population mortality in Mongolia.In the fifth chapter, the migration and movement are studied. Serious attention ispaid to the current situation of internal migration and characters of immigration toforeign countries. Similarly, orientation and direction of population migration isdefined in chapter fifth.In the sixth chapter, research is conducted on the changes of population structure.The population structure of sex and age, distribution and the characteristics ofsectored wise employment along with economic activation are discussed.In the seventh chapter, I studied characteristics and orientation of urbanization.Also the history of urbanization was, discussed in the backdrop of industrialdevelopment. The chapter looks for the reasons of employment and unemployment. Ialso looked into the affect of urbanization and migration on environment pollution.In the eighth chapter, population projection is researched and social andeconomical goals of population in the future are discussed. I analyzed the policy oftrends of population changes and then concluded my studies.The innovation of the thesis is the research on changes in population in Mongoliasince1918. To conduct the study, I looked how geographical determination and economic and social development affect the population changes in Mongolia.Especially, after the period transformation of Mongolia to market oriented system. Ialso relate the study with social and economic issue in Mongolia. The thesis projectedthe population growth of Mongolia for the coming40years.