| The physique and health of the nationals of a country is an important component of it comprehensive power. The implementation of the monitoring system of national physique and the formulation of its evaluation standards is an important part of the "Outline of All-nation Fitness Program", while the study of national physique is the foundation of fulfilling the above said task. It was pointed out by the Branch of Physique Study attached to the China Society of Physical Science that physique is in essence the quality of the human being and relatively steady features of human body, physiological functions as well as psychological factors manifested on the basis of inheritance and acquisition. Physique consists of five aspects: 1) level of growth, 2) level of physiological functions, 3) level of physical quality and movement capability, 4) level of psychological quality and 5) adaptation to both external and internal environment. The overall status of physique of a person can only be precisely reflected through comprehensive evaluation. But, unfortunately, the current system of physique measurement consists of the first three indices because so far we have not a practical method of measurement of the last two factors. This paper is a theoretical and empirical study focused on the last factor.The approach used in this paper is a top-down one. That is, a theoretical study was done first, followed by two large scale investigations, using factor analysis, item analysis, etc. Major conclusions arrived at by this study are as follows:This paper delineates the definition of physical adaptation. Its theoretical definition is stated as the capability of the humans to maintain the balance between the human body and the internal and external environment, while its operational definition is the capability of an individual to harmonize itself with its natural, social and physiological environment and to keep maximally its health.This paper studies the theoretical model of physical adaptation and goes on to verify and expound the scientific soundness and rationality of the said model by means of structural-dimensional analysis and structural formula model. The theoretical model worked out by this study is that the structural dimension of human adaptation (first-level index) can be divided into three second-level indices, namely, the capability to adapt to the climatic change, the capability to adapt to the environment pollution and the capability to resist diseases. The capability to adapt to the natural environment can be divided, in turn, into two third-level indices:adaptation to climatic change and adaptation to environment pollution. The capability to social environment can be subdivided into three third-level indices: adaptation to family environment, adaptation to study and work, and adaptation to other social environment. The capability to physiological change can also be subdivided into four third-level indices: illnesses and recuperation, attitude to illnesses, stamina and the adaptation of physiological period.An "evaluation scale of human adaptation capability" is designed in this study. The scale is proved to have good reliability and validity and can meet the basic requirements of measurement. The design of the scale includes 45 items grouped in three subscales: adaptation to natural environment, adaptation to social environment, the adaptation to physiological change and resistance to diseases. The scales have the following features: simplicity in use, good operationality, low cost, suitability for large scale group measurement and popularity in use in various regions after minor modification of individual items.Experiments on the relationship between adaptation and physique show that positive correlation is found to be low between human physique and adaptation to natural environment, physiological change and resistance to illnesses and it is also found to be statistically significant. But it is a matter of further investigation whether there is any cause-effect relationship between them. Ex...
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