Research In The Establishment And Adjustment Of Specialized Subjects In Higher Education Institutions

Each specialized subject in higher education institutions (HEIs) shoulders the responsibilities in cultivating all kinds of capable specialized persons at various levels, by meeting the specific social requirements at various levels in quality and quality. Though aiming to do that, as the faster changes taking place in the society and more requirements being claimed, it's difficult to feed the whole needs of the society, as HEIs have to work based on their logic. Thus the society requires much more than what HEIs could meet so that an unbalancing situation has occurred between them. It's known that as students choosing the specialized subjects, they take risks. However, the specialized subjects act as the closest linkage between HEIs and the society, they need establishing and reorienting to keep balance between the two. Thus a functional mechanism to establish and reorient the specialized subjects is indispensable.The thesis consists of the introduction and six chapters.The introduction explains why the topic is chosen, and to what extent the related research has been carried out upon the topic, and then puts forward the basic idea and methods to undertake the research.Chapter one makes the analysis of what people comprehend the specialized subjects. It's obvious that comprehending from various angles, there would be various comprehensions. So in this chapter, various understandings upon the nature of the specialized subjects are individually analyzed and synthetic displayed from the aspect of the society, HEIs and the government. Furthermore, it argues that along with the development of the modern society, while most people gain the opportunities of accessing HEIs to change their lives, they have to encounter new challenges brought forth by the rapid change of the society and the competition in employment. For most of the educated, the purpose of learning the certain specialized subject in HEIs is to get better jobs and improve their lives. In the last part of this chapter, some researches are undertaken in the nature of the evolution of the specialized subjects, relevant theories and realistic conditions of the establishment as well as the influencing factors.Chapter two seeks to acquire the experiences, and to find out lessons and current problems in the establishment and readjustment of the specialized subjects by exploring the process of the establishment and the readjustment since the founding of new China. It points out that the establishment and readjustment in new China took into account the social and economic development, but neglected the law of education development. Two lessons from the historical aspect are mentioned. 1) In the historical process of the establishment and readjustment in China, there are three forces, namely the government, HEIs and the society, having impact on the establishment, which turned out to be in an unbalancing condition, or even in a state dominated by one force. When planning the system and policies for the reform in the specialized subject in HEIs, we didn't set the goal of establishing the specialized subjects in a long-term and sustainable way. What we have done is emphasizing one force, making it stronger while neglecting and weakening the others in a certain period. Thus there came the results that the establishment was greatly problematic and high price had to be paid for the rectification.2) With the social development, some problems have been unfolded, such as the society and the market have diversify needs towards the establishment while the HEIs are incapable to meet the needs; the market needs change rapidly while the necessary adjustment in HEIs is dropping behind; the market is ineffective; the force of the government is failed to be well-oriented (it intervenes what shouldn't be intervened); the professional associations (civil forces and middle forces) are weakened, etc.