A Study Of The Establishment And Adjustment Of Speciality In Higher Education Institutions In Taiwan

Since 1999, as the expansion of higher education institutions in Mainland China has became quickening, the employment question of university graduates gets difficulty day by day, it has become the hot spot and the focal point question which the entire society pays attention to together. Actually, this question is only the superficial phenomenon, there is a deeper level question hiding behind it, namely it is that whether the establishment and adjustment of speciality in higher education institutions can adapt to the change and demand of labor market. How should the higher education institutions establish the speciality, how should its structure adjustment adapt to the labor market change? Under the condition of higher education expansion and the increasingly intensive competition of labor market, we have to pay much attention to the relationship between the Establishment and Adjustment of Speciality in Higher Education Institutions and the labor market demand.Through the survey on the establishment and Adjustment of Speciality in higher education institutions of different countries and areas all over the world, Taiwan can be taken as an illustrative case. Since the 1950s, the continual readjustment of industrial relations in the economic structure, as well as the unceasing change of labor market demand, have constituted the important background of Taiwan Speciality establishment and caused adjustment of Taiwan Speciality for many times. This research tries hard to carry on the analysis through much more accurate literature materials on the intrinsic relations between Taiwan labor market change and the Speciality establishment and adjustment. What's more, the essay explores how the colleges do the corresponding transforms to cater to the labor market change. I hope that this comparison and research will help the government and the education departments of Mainland China to device a new system and arrangement for Speciality, and to set up a talent training system of diversification, of various levels of agility and of openness. This essay consists of three parts.The first part takes history as the main clue to analyze the general situation and its emphases of the establishment and Adjustment of Speciality in higher education institutions in Taiwan from the aspect of the labor market change by citing a large number of data. It is discussed the mutual relations between Taiwan economy development and the speciality establishment and adjustment of higher educations, that is to say, when Taiwan faces different economy development phases and industrial structure variance, the labor market requires more advanced talents from different industries, occupations or with various skills. Meanwhile, in order to judge correctly whether the speciality establishment and adjustment is reasonable or not in each historic phase, this essay gives an analysis on the employment situation of Taiwan college graduates which take different courses and majors, also especially analyses the joint of Learning and Working.The second part deeply explores the speciality establishment and adjustment of the higher education in Taiwan on its characteristics, factors of influence, existing questions and its trend of development. This part holds the opinion that the speciality establishment and adjustment takes the labor market change as the key impetus and is shaped and driven by demand of advanced talents that the labor market needs; and that the human resource layout is the gist for the speciality establishment and adjustment, namely, according to its graduates'employment situation of labor market and students'object for further study, colleges adjusts its courses and enrolling quantities. With comparison, Taiwan private colleges, vocational colleges are more sensitive to the labor market change. From the aspect of administrative system, the speciality establishment and management is a typically pattern that led by government and match for the market in Taiwan.The third part compares the Mainland China's speciality establishment and adjustment of higher educations with that of Taiwan in order to get a deep analysis on the difference and sameness of the two and ties to gain some beneficial apocalypses for Mainland China. The apocalypses include: the government varies its role during the speciality establishment and adjustment of higher educations; to strengthen the leading function of labor market to the speciality establishment and adjustment; the speciality establishment and adjustment should be carried out according to the practical requirements of our society and area's economy development; fully exert the accommodating function of higher educations themselves while doing the specaility establishment and adjustment; to classify the guidance; to stand out the characteristics of college running; to avoid the homology of speciality establishment; to emphasize the flexible course structure pattern; to set up a sound quality control and impetus system for speciality.