Font Size: a A A

Research Into The Supply Institution Of Rural Compulsory Education After China's Reform And Opening-up

Posted on:2007-08-03Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:Q J ZhaoFull Text:PDF
GTID:1117360212984613Subject:Administrative Management
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Adopting the relevant theories of institution economics, from the perspective of administration science, on the base of standardization and experience, the writer of this thesis investigates and analyzes the working mechanism, evolution process, internal logic and the administrative results of China's rural compulsory education after China's reform and opening-up to the outside world. Meanwhile, by putting the research of the supply institution of China's rural compulsory education against the background of the mode of social governance of China in transition being in the historical process of evolution, the author attempts to work out general rules which apply to other rural public products from the investigation of the individual case of rural compulsory education, so that they can offer a way to look at the problems occurring in the countryside.Starting from the investigation and analysis of historical development of China's rural compulsory education, under the circumstance of power division reform and marketizatin reform, this thesis goes into the working mechanism and internal structure of the supply institution and its revolution process of China's rural compulsory education after China's reform and opening-up to the outside world. The research finds that, since the establishment of the institution of China's rural compulsory education, the traditions has always been "differences existing between cities and rural areas", "grass-root governments playing a leading role", "burden being on peasants", but differences may exist in the design of concrete micro-systems under different system environments. Compared with the political centralization before China's reform and opening-up, the reforms of rural economic system, social structure and mode of organization has significantly changed the economic and socialfoundations of China's rural governance. In the condition of great changes taking place in the broader system environment, it is essential to reform the supply system of rural compulsory education.Horizontally speaking, the responsibility system has undergone two striking reforms after the reform and opening-up: one is the establishment of the "town-centered" responsibility system; the other is the construction of "county-centered" responsibility system in the free-to-tax reform. However, in both "town-centered" and "county-centered" responsibility system, the subject of raising funds resources and administration are unified and from the grass-root. In addition, the division of supply responsibility is accomplished under the control of central government. Though there exist competitions among governments of different levels and between governments and citizens, the central government plays the role of uniting them.Vertically speaking, in 1980s when China had the planning economy, rural compulsory education is exerted by means of administrative monopoly, but since 1990s, with the marketization reform advancing, the market of rural compulsory education has been emerging, the working mechanisms of market has entered into the field of rural compulsory education, the autonomous right of private schools has been enlarged, new supply subject has turned up, the autonomous right of students has increased. All these factors contributes to the supply of rural compulsory education switching from governments controlling absolutely to market playing a limited role. However, under the circumstance of operating education in an underdeveloped country and the government of grass-root taking the responsibility of supplying resources, most local governments are keen on handing over the responsibility of raising resources, which obviously opposes to the motives of fully improving the quality and efficiency of compulsory education by introducing market system. Thus, that causes lots of difficulties and problems for maketization reform.Based on the above analyses, the writer believes that, on the one hand, in the process of national modernization, education is always a fringe but not staple in it, so whether its governance will evolve or how will it evolve is determined by the political and economic reality in the eyes of the central government but not theevolving rule of rural compulsory education itself. Therefore, the development of the supply system of rural compulsory education is only a by-product of national political and economic reforms. In addition, all evolutions take place under the control of the central government. Though there are some factors triggering the above developments, but on the whole they take on a compulsive character since the central government is the determining force during this process.On the other hand, the writer holds that in the condition of power division and insufficient administrative decentralization, Chinese political system is still a system of pressure, in which administrative power has a dominating position in the governance of the supply of rural public products. The administrative power is not only the measure for dividing operating power and financial power among different levels of governments, but the leading power dominates local governments and the behaviors of other social subjects. The government mobilizing its parallel social organizations as resources and the upper level mobilizing the lower level as well are realized by administrative means. Therefore, in a system of pressure, administrative power and political structure still play the leading role of the governance of China's rural compulsory education and other rural public products, and the related power division of affairs, construction of supply system, the raising of required resources are mainly accomplished by the central government using administrative power. But from the results of its implementation, we find that, under the circumstance of the lack of national resources and external resources within the system, it is a not ineffective choice, but it has the weakness of internal motives deficiency, which lead to unexpected side-effects of the contradiction of supply system, fiscal crisis of grassroots governments, increasing burden on farmers, the upgrading of the conflicts between cadres and the public and the like. Therefore, this sort of system, in a certain sense, has become an essential factor triggering the crisis in rural governance.
Keywords/Search Tags:rural compulsory education, supply institution, a system of administrative pressure, administrative power
PDF Full Text Request
Related items