Researches Into The Finance Of Education In Chinese Rural Areas

Rural education development is basic project of establishing harmonious society and constructing the new socialist rural. Funds shortage of rural education is the main problem that restricts development of our national rural education.. It is difficult to develop rural education relying on rural own strength, which needs central and local governments to undertake financial responsibility of rural education. This is the main objective and implication of the research.Our nation has implemented new type education for more than one hundred years; it has not only historic rationality but also malpractice that rural educational funds have always been undertaken by county government and rural. Since reform and opening, financial system of our national rural education has experienced much change, as yet the rural educational funds were undertaken by county government, which is the clear shortcoming of the regime. Firstly, our rural finance, that of northwest area in particular, has always been in trouble, and most county government finance can hardly undertake the main financial responsibility of rural education. Secondly, the main financial responsibility undertaking by county government further enlarges education development gap between city and rural and between different area and aggravate educational imparity.At present, central and governmental financial income has accounted for the main part of national financial income and they have the ability as principal part supplying rural educational funds. At present our nation is implementing rural compulsory educational financial system of"partaking by all-level government, planning as a whole by province and managing mainly by county", but in fact it county government still takes charge of teacher's salary. Staff finance accounts for most of our rural educational financial, the problem of rural compulsory educational finance has not been solved radically. Central financial allocation for rural senior middle school and vocational education in the senior high school is no more than 50% of educational expenditure, which seriously restricts further development of rural education. Based on public goods theory, rural compulsory education is public goods, and rural senior middle school and vocational education in the senior high school are quasi-public goods, which are public interest, rural educational finance should be provided by senior government So our central and province finance should take the main financial responsibility of developing rural education.Educational justice is foundation of social justice, In recent one hundred year, in order to realize educational justice, rural education of developed countries has experienced the transformation of main financial responsibility from basic government to central government. Currently, central and province governments undertake together the main financial responsibility of rural education in most developing countries. It is commonly accepted in our society that we should realize social justice and guarantee every social citizen enjoy equal right of education. We should use developing rural education's experience of developed countries as reference, in which all-level governments partly take rural educational expenditure; central and province governments undertake main financial responsibility. We should create conditions, narrow and even eliminate educational gap between city and rural to accelerate all-around development of rural society.In order to solve rural educational financial problems better, rural educational financial system should undertake the system innovation and reestablish rural educational financial system, In order to realize the goal, below measures should be adopted: ensuring leading position of central and province finance in rural educational finance; establishing scientific and reasonable fiscal transfer payment system of rural educational finance; constituting baseline of running a school for rural fundamental education; constructing and perfecting law and regulation system of rural education; realizing systematize and standardization of rural educational finance; perfecting supervisory mechanism of rural educational expenditure; establishing budgeting system for rural educational finance. Only in this way can we effectively solve rural educational financial problem, can we realize social equality and justice and can we accomplish the great historic task of establishing harmonious society and constructing the new socialist rural countryside.