The Need And General Strategy Of Individuated Training For Elite Swimmers

High level swimming races are becoming more and more competitive which induces great enhancement of scientific training for world elite swimmers. Coaches and swimmers all over the world follow some common training principles and characteristics based on the training theory. However, Elite swimmers'apparent differences in competitive ability, method, load as well as the deviation of coaches'coaching philosophy are symbolized as individuated training which is an important feature of modern training.Literature, investigation, case study, observation, statistics and logic analysis are adopted to study the need and general strategy of individuated training for elite swimmers. The main conclusions are as follows:1. paraphrase of"Individuated Training"1)"Individuated Training"is defined as the training behavior that coaches select proper contents, methods, loads and arrangements based on the athletes'competitive ability and need for successful competition in a whole and integrated range."Individuated Training"is featured with individualization, specificity, innovation and flexibility.(2)"Individuated Training"represents an important trait of top athletes. It also reveals the high level demonstration of Principle of Individualization. Individuated and General Training are manifested with a relationship of contradiction and unification. Both can be transformed to each other under certain conditions.(3) It is necessary to decide the need of individuated training contents, load, method and arrangement for different athletes firstly, then to establish and carry out individuated training based on the need in order to implement effective individuated training.2. Influcing factors of elite swimmers'individuated training(4) Individuated training of elite swimmers can be affected by some factors and limitations. It is suggested that coaches understand swimmers'diversity thoroughly, probe into the laws of different events, ensure coaches'leading role and set up suitable environment for individuated training from the dimension of time and space.3. The individuated need and general strategy for training contents(5)The basic individuated strategy of training contents for elite swimmers is the individuation of the establishment and application for competitive ability model.(6)The need for individuated skill training is shown as mastering and developing individualized skill style based on different swimmers'whole conditions. The general strategy for individuated skill training is to develop swimmers'technique style based on their talented aspects and mostly important segment, to prepare and apply racing tactics based on the need of different competition, and to enhance individual's detail in technique and tactics.(7)The need for individuated physical training is shown as setting up and developing individualized physical ability structure based on different swimmers'whole condition.The general strategy for individuated physical training is to modulate the proportion and rhythm of physical training combined with individual skill specialty, to stress on weak conditions, to utilize and develop individuals'strong aspects, to set up individual energy system pattern, and to improve racing ability based on individual trait and competition system.(8)The need for individuated mental and intellectual training is shown as selecting different motivating method and developing independent training, self-adjustment and self-perfection for different swimmers.The general strategy for individuated mental and intellectual training is to seek motivations continually, to choose means of managing pre-race anxiety for different swimmers, to establish multi-race goal and prepare mental skills, and to exploit swimmers'sports intellects.4. The individuated need and general strategy for training process(9)The basic individuated strategy of training process for elite swimmers is the individuation of the enactment of load limit and the selection of load extent, the individuation of the selection of traditional method and innovation of special method, the individuation of the arrangement for training rhythm and racing rhythm.(10)The need for individuated training load is shown as applying different load based on different swimmers'load tolerance and adaptation. The general strategy for individuated training load is to design load limit based on individuals'competitive ability, to decide proper load based on individuals'tolerance for load and need for race, to adjust the load based on the training stages of different swimmers, and to establish individualized and formula supervising pattern.(11) The need for individuated training method is shown as seeking efficient method based on different swimmers'sensitivity to training methods. The general strategy for individuated training method is to choose traditional method based on complicated analysis for different swimmers, and to form special method for different swimmers through innovation.(12) The need for individuated training arrangement is shown as exhibiting best performance level and improving competive ability in proper order through scientic adjustment based on different swimmers'developing feature of competive state.The general strategy for individuated training arrangement is to set concrete and flexible goal, to emphasize the adjustment of micro-cycle and meso-cycle, to keep typical plans relative stable, to establish individual taper pattern, and to create new arrangement in different area.