The Study On Developmental Strategies Of American Research Unniversities' Competitiveness

several decades sees that the competition between universities home and abroad demonstrates a tendency of being more and more fierce when issues on universities' competing and competitiveness is more and more followed closely, then how to promote its own competitiveness becomes the focus paid close attention to by universities generally. Considering the current situation of universities all over the world, It is certainly a fact that stronger competitiveness belongs to American research universities. Therefore this article intends to study mainly the developmental strategy of American research universities applying analytical framework of research university competitiveness factors with American I - type research universities (briefly as American research university infro) as study object, investigate also the discipline, aiming to a source of reference for the developmental roads and strategies of Chinese research university.According to the analysis of the existed theories on competitiveness or universities' competitiveness, the conclusion of this study is that resource, culture and capability are the essential elements constituting research university competitiveness. Likewise it is primarily with "abstaining superexcellent resources, building up modern university culture, developing and innovating their capabilities in 'talent cultivation, science research and society service' " that American research universities develop their competitiveness.Resource is the base of universities' competitiveness. American research universities have being abstained superexcellent resources by kinds of means that mainly behave as followed: recruiting talent, retaining talent and promoting with unification as well are strategies for themselves to win abundant resources in superexcellent teachers; many roads to attracting funds are then the strategies for themselves to abstain plenty of fiscal resource; applying flexible policy in recruiting students, providing scholarship for them and recruiting outstanding students globally so on make themselves win predominant student resource.Culture is the backbone of universities' competitiveness. University culture including Spirit culture with university archeology as its core and institution culture marked modern university institution are keystone for American research universities to build their culture. It is the university epistemology of "from institution of talent cultivation to social power station", the ideal on university mission of the triple organic syncretic between "individuality based, academy based and society based", and the notion about university development of the being neck and neck in race between "characteristics and preeminence" that are made as the ideal directing their promoting competitiveness by American research universities. By means of constructing modern university institution of "academic freedom, university autonomy, practical opening" American research universities win potent safeguard in institution and culture.Capability is the core of universities' competitiveness. American research universities have being always developed and innovated their capabilities in "talent cultivation, science research and social service" by means of the succession and transformation of talent cultivation mode, the concentration and innovation of the orientation in subjects and science research, and the expanding of social service resources, thereby establishing the safeguard in capabilities for their developing competitiveness.University is the subsystem in the whole of social system. The selection in the developmental strategies of American research universities' competitiveness receive influence form lots of factors, such as American government's legislation, subsidizing and accountability-asking, American market mechanism and the university ranking, authenticating, subsidizing and policy steering from non-government organization. All these influencing factors constitute together the external environment for the developmental strategies of American research universities' competitiveness.Borrowing ideals from the experience of American research universities while integrating it to the current concrete situation of Chinese research universities, this study arrival at a conclusion that on the competitiveness development and their selection of strategies Chinese research universities should put close attention to two aspects as followed: firstly, research universities' competitiveness should get off along the road of intensiveness, catch three factors like resource, culture and capability, adopt appropriate selection of strategies to promote their competitiveness. At resource accumulation, retaining and promoting excellent teachers, widening source of funds, constructing more flexible recruit policy should be emphasized; at culture building, establishing and empowering the ideal of university's serving for and leading society, constructing modern university institution are the points; at capability development, transforming gradually talent cultivation, ensuring acutely the orientation in subjects and science research, and expanding simultaneously the ability in social service; secondly, China should build external environment suitable for research universities to develop their competitiveness by means of transforming government role, participating by public and perfecting sustaining institution, all of which facilitate the promoting of Chinese research universities' competitiveness.