Study On The Chinese New Education Movement(1912-1930)

The Chinese New Education Movement(1912-1930) is a modern capitalist education reform movement dominated by folk education force,including such educationalists as Cai Yuanpei,Huang Yanpei,Guo Bingwen,Jiang Mengling,Tao Xingzhi,Hu Shi,etc,who studied in Europe and the USA, joined in by many teachers in active service and lots of educators abroad,based on the pragmatism educational philosophy,by calling for and practicing the educational modernization,scientization, internation- alization and sinification,containing numbers of professional education movement at the prophase of the Republic Of China.The reforming object of The Chinese New Education Movement is the Chinese and the western traditional education.The aim is to build the capitalist new education which is adaptive to Chinese situation.The quality is neither equal to the Yang Wu Education Movement which is launched and presided by Zeng Guofan,Li Hongzhang,Zhang Zhidong,etc,nor to the Wei Xin Education Movement by Kang Youwei,Liang Qichao,etc,even nor to the communist New Education Movement by Yang Xianjiang,Mao Zedong,etc,either bearing the apparent difference with the Educational Scienctification Movement and New Education Chinanization Movement.Strictly speaking,the New Education Movement that the article is aimed at is a given conception.The spring and developing of the Chinese New Education Movement is due to the necessity of Chinese development in premodern and modern times,and profoundly influenced by the international education thoughts and movements,esp.The Progressivism Education Movement in the USA and the New Education Movement in Europe.The Chinese New Education Movement actively feedbacks the international educational new tide.In some sense,it can be seen as an important composing part of the international education reform movement in the prophase of the 20th century.They influence and promote each other,and advance the education reform and development in the prophase of the 20th century.The Chinese New Education Movement experiences a natural developing progress.It springs up at the beginning of the Republic of China,comes on to about May Fourth,and declines at the handover of Bei Yang and Nan Jing Goverment.The Chinese New Education Movement and The Chinese New Culture Movement share the same origin in theory and quality in essence,but have different contents and steps.The former spring up earlier and ends up later than the later,and go side by side in the high tide.They are the twins.The Chinese New Education Movement is born the elder brother.In the past,the viewpoint that they are the same or that The Chinese New Education Movement is the part of the other is wrong,because the difference and relation are neglected.Because of the vicissitudunous times,the Chinese New Education Movement shows characteristically the dualism,situationally three-figure and quaternity in successful reason.Dualism means the Chinese New Education Movement is both education reform and thought initiation movement,edcation reform and individuality liberation movement,education reform and social reform movement,Chinese and Global,changing the old and protruding the new,replanting and innovative movement,gurgitation and axe.The dualism makes the Movement full of particularity.Three-figure means the Chinese New Education Movement is between the "new education"of Qing Dynasty and Kuo Ming Government,Europe New Education Movement and American Progressive Education Movement,May Fourth and the New Culture Movement.Quaternity means the successful reason of the Chinese New Education Movement is the four relations between of the Old and the Modern,the Up and the Down,the Chinese and the Global and the Surface and the Inside.The article is framed with the three viewpoints of variance,structure and pahole that come from theory of socialism movement,reviews such things as the education events,various educational parties growing up gradually,educational press circles full of competition,boundless import and export in the international intercourses.Endless controversies between the new and old educational and cultural forces run through the steps of the Chinese New Education Movement.The article analyses reasons of the springing and declining of the Movement,reappears the developing and changing track,probes into the qualities and the characters,historic status and the effect,the experiences and the lessons of the Movement.At last,contrast to the education reform at the present,I have some thought.The whole article is divided into preface,epilogue,the first to the fifth chapter,in all seven parts.Preface mainly discusses the cause that the theme is chosen,explains the related conceptions,the theory and way to be used,cards the related study harvest from six aspects,and introduces the macroscopicaily frame of the article.Chapter one,"The Background of The Chinese New Education Movement",saw about the historic reason of the Movement from the practical factors of the social transition,the historic factors stored up in the new and old education,the environment factors of the international educational new tide,and the human being factors that urge the Movement.Chapter Two,"The Beginning of The Chinese New Education Movement",briefly narrates the fundamental things of the first step of The Double Movement,the reform that the education department discards the old ways of education in favor of the new,educational new tide coming from the Europe and the USA,the three circles of the new educational organisations,the furious competition in the new education press,the disputation between the new and the old schools,and especially narrates and comments the overall vision at the first stage of the Movement. Chapter Three,"The Development of The Chinese New Education Movement",probes into the problem of modern university rotation,briefly combs the intercommunication pomp that is featured by the repressors from the USA,analyses the ins and outs of this incidents and the influence that springs up around the disputations of colloquialism,profession education,old key links and ethic,etc,and contrasts the different characters of the educational organisations and periodical to the former period.Chapter Four,"The Climax of The Chinese New Education Movement",firstly discuss the relation between the New Education and May Fourth;Secondly analyses and contrasts the different influences between the visits of Dewey,Monroe,and Baton to China,and then narrates the various cultural disputations that end up with The Chinese New Culture Movement.At the same time of numeral educational disputation leading the The Chinese New Educational Movement into the climax,The Betterment society of Chinese Education and The Whole Country Education League respectively leads the modernization movement of the New Education and the New E ducational System Movement to a success with the wide participation of the educational world.Chapter Five,"The Decline of The Chinese New Education Movement",narrates the cause and the signs of the decline of the Movement,the counterclaim of the Chinese New Education Movement, and the rebirth of it,in which the criticism to Dewey and Kilpatick's visit to China are mentioned.Epilogue briefly summarizes the qualities and the characters,historic status and effect,and the experiences and the lessons of the Movement,in which the envrionment of the reform and the characters of the eductors are probed in some way.