Research On The Institutional Space How Grass-roots Community Organizations' Authorities Generate

Community is the establishment above building harmonious society; the community organization is important power to develop community. As the special grass-roots organization, the urban residents'committee is the witness of the 60 years'experience of suffering all kinds of difficult situation. It is the bridge between the government and resident, which need finishing administrative duty and is main force of the community construction. The director of residents'committee is the leader and organizer, whose thinking mode, behavior method and style impact on the character of the whole committee and the realizing extent of the grass-roots democracy. How is the authority of the director from? This article analyses the generation of the grass-roots community organization authority with the institutional theory, starts from the residents' committee director for construction.Authority's existence needs targets to bring authority into play, and the range of community organization authority is that members of the residents' committee and the community resident. The community organization authorities have shown different authority exercising way in behavior of the community organization inside and outside. To analyze the different behavior way and clear authority generation, we point out the existence of the institutional space with the institution theory.The institutional space is the space network which results from the effect of the institution. This article proposes"the regional"and"the social"to explain the connotation of institutional space. The former is on the base of region and the latter comes from the concept of"social space"."The social"reflects a kind of cultural factor or social sprit inside. In other words, the human behavior comes into being in the cultural regional space. And this space effect on the humans to bring them different social role in it by the form of institution. The director of the residents' committee is a kind of social roles and is denominated"the community organization authority". This article takes the plum garden plot situated at W Subdistrict, Pudong New Area as the on-the-spot investigation object, and collects the data by the questionnaire, interview the literature and observation and so on. The w Subdistrict has abundant experiences for building the community organization, as the one of the six experimental units. These three community types in this article are all government-owned house poverty from the end of 1970s to the early time of 1980s, which has more research value then resident committee in commercial residential building type. It is found that there are two existing types of community organization authorities. One is form, and the other is substance. These two types are different from that the origin of the authority is institution or itself. After the authoritative person assumes the office, he/she obtains the legal status of director of the resident committee, which is the formal authority. Based on a certain time and work experience, the formal authority is possible to transform into substantial authority. How do the two types come out?With this question, this article separately analyzes the generation to find the difference level that these two types of authorities are influenced by institution. First, the generation of the formal authority is mostly from the influence of the formal institutes. It is found that the original course of the history development of community organization's authority, the mode of community management and community election mode together result in coming out formal authority, but the effect of formal authority which is informal institutional factor. Second, the generation of the substance authority is more influenced by informal institution. It is formal institution that prepares the ground for the roles appointing of community authority, but such informal institution as emotional rules, knowledge, habits, languages influence more on the generation of substance authority, especially knowledge factor takes key effect. However, ether formal institution or informal institution is in the institutional space, which comes out and operates in the region space and social space-the two compositions. This is the institution space mode in this article. The existence of institutional space explains the generating process of the formal authority and substance authority, and verifies that the urban residents'committee must keep its"dual-role"for a long time.Realizing grass-roots democracy is the base of constructing harmonious society. Existing of substance authority proves that self-governing institution of resident committee that has double status is promoting. Moreover realizing substance authority needs to be in accord with the requirements of institution space. Corresponding to the need of community building of china, we must adjust institutional setting by the characters of the institutional space so that to make the director of residents'committee be the dual-role of the formal authority and substance authority.According to this, this article attempts to put forward the ideal types of community organization authority, that is, in institutional space, community organization authority that has characters of corresponding to institution space is rational authority. From the angle of institution space, attempting to restrict and inspire the community organization and the people in it by rational institution can has a chance to procure realization of people-oriented harmonious community and harmonious society.