Study On The Economic Analysis And Optimized Countermeasures Of Industrial Chain Of Tricholoma Matsutake In Yunnan

Tricholoma matsutake is a rare wild edible fungus with high economic value, belongs to endangered species under the state-protection in China, and worldwide rare and endangered resource. The sustainable development and utilization of Tricholoma matsutake thus has become an important and difficult issue of industry. With the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project and Conversion of Cropland to Forestland Program, it is inevitably to provide a favorable growing environment for Tricholoma matsutake. Collective Forest Tenure Reform has been clear about the property right of Tricholoma matsutake, it effectively motivates the investors and operators. The introduction and implementation of Forest Industry Promotion Program has pointed out the direction for the development of Tricholoma matsutake. However, Tricholoma matsutake industry envisages a great deal of challenges as well, such as how to help more decentralized operators to realize the scale operation after Collective Forest Tenure Reform? How to realize the effective collaboration among all operators of industrial chain by economic cooperation organization? How to avoid the predatory exploitation of Tricholoma matsutake caused by high economic interests? How to get the maximum benefit from the resource and products through protective utilization? How to establish a sustainable management model to increase farmers' income and alleviate poverty, and to form regional industrial cluster? All problems above are the urgent and important tasks to solve and perfect, the result is not only related to the sustainable development of Tricholoma matsutake industry, but also is the key to explore an effective mechanism to exploit the Non-timber Forestry products, the aim is to realize dual goals of biodiversity protection and maximum value.The dissertation focuses on the industrial chain of Tricoloma matsutake in Yunnan Province, the content includes:1. overall description of the world distribution features, growing environment and value system of Tricholoma matsutake, and then the utilizing history, internal and external industrial comparative advantage of Yunnan Tricholom matsutake.2. Analyzing the current situation of each link from upstream to downstream, furthermore, putting forward the problems existing in management, plucking, processing, refreshing, packing, logistics and marketing.3. Summarizing some economic problems, which exist in the operation of industrial chain of Tricholoma matsutake, to reveal the roots of problem from the factor endowment, decision-making features of the key body behaviors, market malfunction and government intervention, the purpose is to highlight the future direction of industrialization.4. Discussing the characteristics of producers and consumers, and the market prospect, then, forecasting the variation of supply and demand of Tricholoma matsutake within the future 10 years.5. Learning advanced experience in the operation of industrial chains of agricultural products from foreign countries, and combining the development tendency of industrial chain of Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake, to establish the optimization goals and optimum principles, propose optimizing countermeasures and implementing mechanisms. In terms of research methods, the dissertation is based on the industrial chain theories, microeconomic theories such as demand-supply model, elasticity approach, producer and consumer decision-making, market failure and government intervention, community forestry theories and so on. This paper combines statistics, international trade and management knowledge, uses SPSS statistical tools, applies normative and positive economic methods to research effective ways for sustainable development of industrial chain of Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake.The dissertation draws main conclusions as follow:1. The main body of Industrial chain of Tricholoma matsutake contains farmers, traders, manufacturers and distributors, including some links, such as research and development of artificial aids to natural regeneration, naturally cultivation, managing, collection, processing, refreshing, packaging, logistics and marketing. The main subjects in the links accomplish competition and interconnections through logistics, information and capital flow. Generally speaking, the industrial chain of Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake is sensitive to environment influence, it is also affected by wide coverage and complicated logistics route, the development impetus is mainly from investors' pursuit of profits, and meeting the end-consumers' demand under a favorable external environment.2. The industrial chain of Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake overall faces the problem of which shorter link of production, low value-added products, low competition and industrial effect, and belongs to the resources-based industry chain. Devastating exploitation against the growing-laws of Trichololma matsutake causes a series of issues, the result is that the Tricholoma matsutake is rare and endangered, biodiversity is under threat and farmers' income falls, so it is the historic choice and realistic need to develop Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake industry with the concept of sustainable development.3. In some developed countries, especially Japan, the government has regulated the supply behavior by legislation, criterion and regulatory system. Higher organizational level and market centralization degree, advanced technology, add to quality and security safeguards, the competitive advantage is remarkable. Although, China has promulgated policy to regulate the Tricholoma matsutake industry, and the standard system has been initially formed, international competitive advantage is not so distinguished because of the technical restriction, lower organizational level and frequent export quality issues. It is urgent to construct an appropriate industrial organization model to improve the effective supply of Tricholoma matsutake.4. The key factors stimulating the development of Tricholoma matsutake industry is supply ability of product (quality) and consumer demand. To the Tricholoma matsutake product of Yunnan, consumer demand is relatively stable, with the consumption converting from quantity type to the quality type, the demand will increase constantly. Thus the supply ability of product (quality) inevitably becomes its top priority. However, the peasants, principal part of supply, are widely dispersed and relatively low quality, in addition small scale and weak market control capacity, the supply ability of product (quality) has become the bottleneck of Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake industry. With the operating model of "enterprise group + base + peasant association + farmers", the industrial management can bind numerous scattered farmers to accomplish the continuous supply of product (quality). More than that, grouping of the enterprises and the scale operation can bind upstream, midstream and downsteam all together, extend its industry chain.The conclusions can reflect that the industrial chain of Yunnan Tricholoma matsutake is still at the initial stage, short industrial chain and low technology make it lack competition ability, different stakeholders have not gotten the maximum benefit. So the Tricholoma matsutake industry in Yunnan should rely on the government, seizing the opportunity to develop industrialization energetically. The countermeasures in detail are:active participation of farmers, scientific planning, promotion and coordination of government, establishing cooperation organization system, to rear the leading enterprise and make it play leading role, to establish an effective investment and financing support system, to strengthen the training of qualified workers and perfect distribution of interests and coordination mechanism.