| One of the various reasons that can lead to the "issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers" in China is that a great number of existing (or potential) rural labor resource cannot effectively transform to human capital at present and in the future. Human capital being productive exists in the form of consumers. So there is a severe waste of human resource. There is one consensus to address the "issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers" in society which is reducing the number of farmers and accomplishing the permanent urbanization of rural surplus labors.The Chinese government has already done a lot of efforts in many aspects to tackle this issue, but the results are not remarkable. This can be illustrated in three points. To begin with, as to reducing the number of farmers, although the "One-Child Policy" has played a very important role in controlling the quantity of the total population, China still faces great pressures on such a great number of populations. What is more, despite the fact that the scale of rural surplus labors migrating to non-agricultural field increases gradually and it is reported that there was 230 million rural residents working in non-agricultural areas in 2008, the proportion for permanent migration is quite small. The process of the urbanization for the rural surplus labors working in non-agricultural fields in urban areas is obviously lagging behind. Last but not least, the process for the undergraduate students from rural areas migrating to urban areas has a similar characteristic compared with that of rural-urban migration of the rural surplus labors which is working on reducing the amount of farmers and promoting the urbanization of the rural residents. Meanwhile, the Chinese government makes a decision to expand the number of the enrolled students for higher education. But we need to focus on the fact that the percentage of students entering to universities who living in rural areas is obvious lower than those living in urban areas. Moreover, students from rural areas are less likely to find a desirable job than urban students. This shows us that higher education cannot complete the rural labor migration task alone. In this circumstance, exploring the mechanism and persuasion policy of the rural human capital migration is essential to help make strategic decisions in society level. This research is based on a random investigation from three aspects. They are investigations of employment from graduates (in June, 2009), from urban residents and from rural residents (both in the period between July to August, in 2009). Correspondingly, we made two research databases. They are the database of the rural-urban migration from rural graduates and the database for the mobility characteristic of the rural surplus labors, respectively. On the basis of relevant definition, by using the two databases, we explored the mechanism of mutual interactions of three links during the capitalization for human resource from rural to city. And the three links are fertility of rural population, cultivating of rural human capital and transformation of rural surplus labors.We used the ArcGIS9.2 and SAS9.0 as the research tools and the Classical Linear Regression Model and Logistic Model were employed. Based on previous relevant studies, this research expanded from two main ways. The first one is we made a wider range of the research samples. We added the rural families who have already located in urban areas to our sample. By doing this, the results can be more convinced. Secondly, we enriched the research context. At present, the analyses of the graduate employment in China mainly center on the description of difficulties to get a job. Studying the graduates'employment issue from the perspective of rural-urban migration can deepen the recognition of the urbanization of the rural residents. Our findings are as follows:(1)The research on fertility of rural population reveals that more children does not mean more satisfactory in life. That is to say, having more children in rural family is an adaptive response to the imperfect of the benefit system to the elderly in rural society, which is also called" bringing up children for the purpose of being looked after in old age". Correspondingly, this behavior is not beneficial for the urbanization of the rural residents. The urbanization of rural disadvantaged family or seasonally mobility for a job is essentially the direct result of competence with the family having a lot of children locally. As a consequence, the ability of permanent urbanization is weak.(2)Regarding to the cultivating of rural human capital, we found that the process of rural graduate employment characterized by one-way rural-urban mobility did not play a role in the rural labor migration. Family background has already been a barrier in the employment for the rural graduates to some degree. Moreover, there is a distinguished gender unbalance among rural graduates in employability. It is notable that girls have a strong employability.(3)In terms of the rural surplus labor mobility, the result shows that both occupational mobility and geographical migration have a positive influence on the rural family income. Rural disadvantaged families are more likely to change the position of their workplace. Families of local-off-agriculture have a high quality of life while the satisfaction may be low to those of seasonally migration. In the process of migration, rural family has a weak ability to choose the employment department.Due to the research founding, we argue that we must tackle the rural surplus labor permanent migration issue on a whole level. More specifically, we can address the rural labor issue from four aspects: the forming resource, the generation process, the employment and the existing problems during every step in the migration. Our suggestions are as follows. Firstly, we should strengthen the welfare for the elderly in the rural areas and break the vicious circle for having a lot of children. This can reduce the labor pressure regarding to the rural surplus labor issue. Moreover, increasing education level and raising the enrolment ratio in rural areas can help rural undergraduate students'employment. Thirdly, we should make more ways to divert the existing rural surplus labors.
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