Study On Integration Of Public Services Between Urban And Rural Areas

Compulsory education, medical and health, basic social security and public employment constitute the basic content of public service. Education as the basic way to promote social development directly affects the quality and level of human development is; medical and health plays a role in guaranteeing human health. Social which possesses good health possesses fortune. Basic social security help to improve quality of life for all members of society, and create a stable social environment; public employment as a Basic Thing, is an important foundation to promote social harmony and is the basic guarantee for the development of productive forces. Thus, the basic public services are actually to solve the basic human rights, including the basic rights of subsistence, health, education and development, etc.Long-term dual supply system of public services in China has the fruits of social development mainly enjoyed by some of society members, increases the income of urban residents, enhances the purchasing power of urban residents and widens the income gap between urban and rural resident gradually. For high-income urban residents, their purchasing power is reinforced, but their marginal consumption propensity is low; For the relatively poor rural residents, the situation is just the reverse. From the perspective of economics, it is the unreasonable and unfair social class structure that makes the present China's economic pulling power mainly depend on exports and investment while the pulling power of domestic demand can't be effectively improved. Meanwhile, because of unfair supply of public services, members of the society are divided into different social groups. When the gap and conflicts betweet various groups have accumulated to a certain degree, the unity and cooperation benween groups are bound to be undermined, resulting in social unrest or instability, forming a serious social problem.Based on the demand and supply theory in public services, urban-rural relationship theory, the theory of common prosperity and the theory of effeciency and fairness, this paper verifies the discrepancy between rural and urban residents in public services by a number of field surveys and researches on urban and rural residents. The paper suggests the integration of urban-rural public services. Based on the principle of the integration of urban-rural public services, the measures and advices on the construction of the integration of urban-rural public services. The paper can be divided into six parts.The first part, namely the first chapter, is the starting point and foundation of the paper. This part mainly introduces the background, reseach purpose and research significance. This part also collects and summarizes the present researches on public services at home and abroad. And shows the reseach technique, the research framework, the innovation and lackings of this paper.The second part, namely the second chapter, is about the theoretical foundation on the integration of urban-rural public services. This part provides a theoretical basis for later study of this paper,including theory and model about supply and demand of public services, urban-rural relationship theory, the common prosperity theory, the theory of efficiency and fairness, and so on. By summarization, sorting, concluding of these theories, this paper concludes that the realization of the integration of urban-rural public services is the inevitable outcome of social development and an important measure to achieve the balance between efficiency and fairness.The third part, namely the third chapter, gives a series of principles which we should be adhered to during the development of the integration of urban-rural public services and provides a foundation on specific measures for the construction of the integration of urban-rural public services.The fourth part, namely the fourth chaprer, introduces the advanced experence of foreign countries, mainly studies the systems and policies adopted by that representative countries such as United States, Germany, Japan and South Korea in their development.The paper summarizes the successful experiences and failure in order to find out the contents of China can learn to, provide experience for the development strategy of China's public service.The fifth part, from the fifth chapter to the eighth chapter of the paper, provides a deeper analyzation on compulsory education, medical and care, social security, public employment and so on. This part gives a discussion on the basic characteristics of public services, institutional change, status analysis and the reasons of formation. The section is the core of this paper. Firstly, it provides investigations and analysis on China's supply of basic public services system, supply effects and people satisfation, Secondly, based on the reference to China Statistical Yearbook over the past years as well as agricultural census datas, this part shows the defects on the present model of public services supply and analyzes the adverse impact the dual public services caused to the urban-rural relationship comprehensively and systematically. Finally, it analyzes the reasons for the formation of the gap benween urban and rural public services. The barriers of market development, constraints on related technology, lacking of capital investment, lacking of legal norm and so on can affects the efficiency of the supplies of public services.Based on the researches above, the sixth part, namely the ninth chapter, suggests specific measures on improving basic public services according to the pratical situation in China.