| As one of the important driving force of economic growth, project is an important carrier for modern enterprises participating in global market competition, being of great significance to economic and social development. At present, our country, each region, government and enterprises are actively launching various projects and continuously increasing support and investment into projects. While promoting project initiation and development to a large extent, this also highlights the problem of project risks. Frequent construction accidents and operational violation have shown the complexity and necessity of project risk control, which are in urgent need of effective control method. As labor division is becoming more and more popular among different organizations, more and more projects are in need of cooperation of many enterprises and governmental departments, which to a large extent outbreaks the traditional domain that project is only the business of project team and a single enterprise. However, the traditional project management study (project manager as main responsible person) and multi-project management study (background by a single company) have failed in effectively providing powerful theory and methodology support to increase success rate of such multi-organizational cooperation projects. Targeting at this situation, as an effective approach of controlling project risks for project stakeholders, project governance has drawn wide attention.Essence of project governance means the rules e.g. objective establishment, implementation definition, project monitoring and information disclosure, etc. Among these rules, the most important and most difficult ones refer to several stakeholders, yet each of them all has his own interest and restriction. These stakeholders associate with each other, establishing a dynamic social network, i.e. a dynamic social network of multi-organizational institution in which owners, constructors, supervisors and other stakeholders are all involved. This governance relationship varies with evolution of project lifecycle, not only influencing functions of the overall social network of stakeholders, but also influencing individual behavior within the network. Therefore, scientific and reasonable research of governance relationships social network is of significance to improve cooperation standard among stakeholders and project success rate. Currently, study from this point of view is still at initial stage, and research results abroad are also quite limited. This essay expects to discuss and investigate dynamic governance among project stakeholders from the perspective of project governance, so as to achieve valuable research results.Ever since stakeholder theory was put forward for the first time, scholars have developed systematic and in-depth study for a long term, so numerous results have sprung up from this area. With constant research development, more and more thoughts and theories of diversified branches are emerging into this research area, especially advancement and maturity of technical approaches e.g. systematic analysis, network modeling, computer simulation, etc., which has paved a brand new route for stakeholder research, by which many concrete problems in this area could be investigated more deeply and more carefully. Stakeholder is a grand topic for research, with high value both in theoretical exploration and practical application. With integration of literature survey, theoretical deduction, modeling simulation and technical methods for case study, this essay has studied the dynamic governance relationship among stakeholders at multiple stages, and has further explored some already-studied problems of importance from different point of view and at different level.A project organization includes each stakeholder functionally depending on each other, who are all striking for a series of governance objectives. After processes of multiple choice (entry), cooperation, exit, re-cooperation, etc., so within specific period, a relatively permanent cooperative relationship would be presented among stakeholders (owners, suppliers, government, financial institutions, etc.). As project is progressing, the governance relationship among stakeholders is also varying constantly, and they need to make effective and speed reactions to these variations. The dynamic governance relationship of a project organization and its stakeholders could be substantially seen as a dynamic system, so the key point of our research is that how do related elements interact with each other to achieve the expected project performance. This essay studies governance relationships of project stakeholders from bottom to top:analyzing characteristics of governance relationship and basis of governance decision-making from essence of the relationships; exploring stakeholders'recognition of dynamic governance and decision-making principles through investigation of this dynamic variation process; modeling the relationships by using dynamic social network modeling principles and systematic simulation techniques, so as to providing research method for investigating such relationship of multi-projects within a certain period.Based on the above research thoughts, this essay first analyzes connotation, presentation method, influencing factors and realization process of dynamic governance relationships among stakeholders. With adaptation of thoughts and methods related to social network in sociology, it explains connotation of this dynamic change comes up with how to construct a dynamic governance social network, finally acquires the quantitative indicators describing characteristics of stakeholders'social network. It adopts SNA (Social Network Analysis) approaches to investigate internal mechanism of this dynamic variation, to study this variation process and governance behavior of each stakeholder in its social network. Through analysis, this essay has achieved a series of results, which specifically including the following aspects:1. Abstracts the governance relationships among stakeholders into a dynamic social network relationship. Based on substantive characteristics of project governance, the essay has drawn lessons from thoughts of social network analysis and PRTNCE2structuration theory system of project management, designed a unified process presenting and analyzing this dynamic governance relationship, anatomized governance risks and countermeasure thoughts during different project lifecycles, resolved a feasibility issue that studying stakeholders'dynamic governance relationship of different projects under a unified framework, and enriched and completed the theoretical system of project governance for a further step.2. Puts forward construction method of the social network of dynamic governance relationships among project stakeholders based on SNA. Interrelation among stakeholders constructs a social network, which constantly various with development of project lifecycle. Attributes of this social network and individual attributes of stakeholders jointly work on project governance behaviors of stakeholders. Depending on approaches and tools of social network analysis in sociology, this essay puts forward the construction method of dynamic governance social network based on SNA, providing a tool for studying variation of this dynamic governance relationship and stakeholder behaviors within the social network, as well as acquiring quantitative indicators describing characteristics of project governance social network.3. Reveals correlation between dynamic governance relationships and choice of governance strategies. Stakeholders would constantly adjust their own behaviors (governance strategies) for larger governance income or risk prevention, which will further cause changes of the social network of stakeholders. This process is just the dynamic variation of stakeholder governance relationships. Depending on AHP method, this essay analyzes the dynamic variation system of stakeholder governance relationship, and also analyzes influence upon this dynamic variation process from essential influencing factors, thus bringing forward four types of key elements influencing stakeholder dynamic governance relationship. Background by current situation of project governance in China, it comes up with multiple dynamics influencing project governance performance. Depending on relevant theories and approaches of systematic thinking, it creates a model for correlation analysis between stakeholder dynamic governance relationships and governance strategy selection, which is of better operability and more accurate directions.4. Comes up with system archetypes for analyzing dynamic variation process of stakeholder governance relationships. The system of stakeholder governance relationship can be seen as a dynamic system under joint influence of project objective and uncertainty, etc., yet current research fail in effective integration of these dynamic elements. This essay provides with system archetypes for dynamic variation analysis of multiple projects, learning how specific dynamics would influence overall performance of the project governance system, which could provide important basis for investigation of stakeholder governance behaviors and hunting for risk aversion schemes.5. Creates flow graph method for analyzing project governance system based on dynamic social network model. Through this method, quantitative correlation between stakeholder dynamic governance relationships and governance risks could be realized, and essence of the interaction between stakeholder governance behaviors and social network variation could be presented, providing resolutions for project governance risk control based on dynamic governance relationships among stakeholders.Under fierce market competition, it has grown into a study focus that how to predict and analyze project stakeholder governance relationships at present and even in several future stages. It means significantly to aversion of project risks and improvement of project success rate that based on characteristics of multiple project stages, latent governance risks shall be discovered as early as possible and be responded timely. Targeting at the dynamic network governance relationships existing among stakeholders and diversified characteristics of governance decision-making principles, computer simulation that has burgeoned in recent ten years paves a new route for studying state and features of governance relationship at different stages. Therefore, this essay has made a simulation research of dynamic governance relationship among stakeholders, on the basis of theoretical modeling, comprehensively applying system simulation platform MATLAB, social network construction platform UCINET, system dynamics simulation platform VENSIM, so that investigates the governance relationship patterns and laws under different project stage. Research results gained are as follows:1. Establishes a simulation model of dynamic governance relationship among stakeholders with application of system simulation technique. According to synergy of various uncertain elements within the project system, which is the practical situation, with employment of theoretical methods and tools of systematic analysis and evaluation, this essay makes a construction research of the simulation model of dynamic governance relationships among stakeholders under integration of tools of social network analysis and system simulation.2. Designs a system simulation scheme of dynamic governance relationship in condition of complete project lifecycle. In order to apply research methods and tools of dynamic governance relationship in projects, targeting at inherent law of development and variation of governance relationships social networks, the essay adopts thoughts and methods related to system simulation and probability distribution in system theory and statistical mathematics, which breaks through research restrictions of static social network analysis, and acquires iterative algorithm for this dynamic variation in the governance relationships social network, from its formation, to development and to recession. This provides a resolution for stakeholders to better target governance risk control, improving realistic significance and application value of this research.3. Through case analysis and application, further illustrates feasibility of realization process of this dynamic governance relationships in project implementation. Cases selected for research are all real projects, referring to a huge amount of stakeholders, which creates complicated relationships, pressed implementation period and heavy loads. Construction process of dynamic governance relationships social network, realization process of dynamic variation and system simulation analysis of dynamic governance relationships can be effectively applied in case projects, which demonstrates more specifically feasibility of essay results in real projects.To sum up the above, this essay has made a systematic research of dynamic governance relationship among stakeholders from the point of view-----project governance. The current research of binary relationship extended to research of social network, point research supporting independent behavior of each stakeholder on the basis of attribute elements extended to the network research of associated behavior among stakeholders on the basis of associated relationships, both of these have achieved research results with theoretical significance and application value. Study on dynamic relationships among project stakeholders in project governance is not only of important theoretical and practical significance, but also has long-term research value and broad space of exploration. The future research may be particularity of relationships among the project stakeholders in some specific industry, information system construction for data acquisition and other related issues.
|
PDF Full Text Request