A Study On The Agricultural Enterprises In China

Being Faced with the limitations that appear increasingly on the mangement of small-scale peasant household in China, some problems as follows can not be avoided on theoretical research: How long can the agricultural modernization which based on the small-scale peasant household last? Could agricultural modernization be steered clear of agricultural enterprises? Will it be impossible that agricultural enterprises be carried out in China? What path of agricultural enterprises in China should be choosed?To aim at these problems, this paper makes a systematic study on agricultural enterprises in China, which based on referring exist study. The study takes the theory of agricultural producting mode, the theory of enterprise organization, transaction cost and institutional change, the theory of agricultural modernization, the theory of industry organization as theoretical bases as while as takes enterprise-like transforming of agricultural microcosmic mangement subject as lead line. A combination of normative and positive analyses, qualitative and quantitative analyses, inductive and deductive analyses as while as comparative analyses and systematic analyses, is used in this paper. Based on the definition of agriculture, peasant household and policy as while as making some theoretical hypothesises which including economic reason of peasants, enterprise in pursuit of maximization of profit, government in pursuit of the public good goal and taking market economy system as system premise, the paper makes a general analysis of agricultural enterprises which constructing a basic research framework; in the opinion of national conditions of China, the paper makes a special definition of agricultural enterprises in China; making an analysis of necessity and conditions of agricultural enterprises in China; based on the analyses above, making an analysis of aims, mode, developing stage and polices choosing of agricultural enterprises in China. The specific research contents and conclusions are as follows:1. After the review of the origin of enterprise, the writer believes that enterprise is economic organization which for saving transaction cost, and also believes that enterprise has the characters of organization and behavior which adapt to the demands of market economy. Agricultural enterprises is a course in which making agricultural microcosmic subject operation according to the characteristics and demands of enterprise gradually. The basic reasons of agricultural enterprises are adapting to the demand of market economic developing and the demand of agricultural modrenization as while as the demand of adjusting of agricultural producting mode and the demand of enhancing operation efficiency and benefit of agricultural microcosmic mangement subject. To be carried out agricultural enterprises and its progression is affected by premise conductions, base conductions and subjective will of the subject of Agricultural enterprises as while as affected by institutional change speed ,mode and polices of Agricultural enterprises.2. Because of the special national conductions of China, this study makes a special definition of agricultural enterprises in China. The concept of agricultural enterprise is replaced by the concept of agricultural enterprises operation organization which including enterprise-like mangement peasant household, Aricultural quasi-enterprise and agricultural enterprise. Agricultural enterprises be separated into two clues which are to be as enterprise in organization and to be as enterprise in behavior. At the same time, this paper makes ananalysis of the the relations between agricultural enterprises operation and family contract operation, agricultural enterprises operation and agricultural scale-operation, agricultural enterprises and agricultural industrialziation, agricultural enterprises and agricultural modernization.3. By the deep analysing of small-scale peasant household in China, the writer believes that the defects of organization and behavior of small-scale peasant household in China appear obviously, which lead to the lacks of efficacy that small-scale peasant household as micro-base of agriculture development should be had. Carrying out agrecultural enterprises is innovation and improvement to the household responsibility system which based on retaining the rational inner core of the household responsibility system and taking agricultural enterprises operation organization replace samll-scale peasant household operation organization. As a result, it can overcome effectually the defects of organization and behavior of small-scale peasant household as while as improving its efficacy. Therefore, Carrying out agrecultural enterprises has great necessity.4. Cvrying out agrecultural enterprises in China has many advantages which including .market economy system is establishing and perfecting gradually; economic development especially the trend of non-agriculture and differentiation of peasants in rural areas make progress in some degree; factor markets are establishing and perfecting gradually; agricultural enterprises operation organizations having been developed in some degree; the subjects of agricultural enterprises have subjective will of Agricultural enterprises in some degree; agricultural enterprises being carried out and taking some experiences in part areas. At the same time, carrying out agricultural enterprises in China is restricted by many factors which including: culture tradition and limition of cognition; the slow flow of the land contract right and the land use right; die storage of capital; die surplus of agricultural labour power; low educational level of rural labour power and the storage of enterpriser; the stagnation of construction of rural social security system and agricultural venture system. After comparative analysis, the writer believe that the benefit of agricultural enterprises greater than the cost of breakthrouth of confinement factors. Therefore, there is high possibility to carry out agricultural enterprises in China.5. Acorrding to the general analysis of agricultural enterprises as while as special definition of agricultural enterprises in China and the analyses of conditions of China, the writer makes conclusion that the finally goal of agricultural enterprises in China is constructing modem enterprise-like mangement and organization system, which takes family farm as core as while as the other forms of enterprise coexisting; the symbolic periodic goal of agricultural enterprises in China is promoting agricultural microcosmic mangement organizations transform into mangement organizations of agricultural enterprises in a great measure and making agricultural enterprises be carried out roundly. Theoretical and practical modes existing of agricultural enterprises in China are generalized into five types in this study. The writer gets conclusion after analyses that each mode has its Limitions and can not be taken as general mode which will be carried out in China. This paper put forward that "trinal structure"general mode should be adopted in China which according to two clues of organization form of agricultural enterprises and operation behavior of agricultural enterprises as while as from three levels of enterprise-like operation peasant household, aricultural quasi-enterprise and agricultural enterprise which ensuing in the logic and coexistence in thetime and space. Different regions should select different modes which such as the mode promoted by enterprise-like operation peasant household, the mode broken through by Aricultural quasi-enterprise and the mode driven by agricultural enterprise. Agricultural enterprises in China will undergo three stages which are introduction period, outspread roundly period and the course of high-quality period.6. Acorrding to the "trinal structure"mode of agricultural enterprises and aiming at the confinement factors, this paper puts forward that the innovation and adjustment of policies of agricultural enterprises in China should be outspreaded from three aspects which are: enhancing cognition and strengthenning propagating, organizing and directing; enhancing the level of agricultural enterprises by further developing all kinds of operation organization of agricultural enterprises; providing conditions for agricultural enterprises by deepening the reform of system, establishing and perfecting agricultural factor markets, accelerating the process of non-agriculture and urbanization; establishing and perfecting quickly rural social security system and agricultural venture system.