| The agriculture technological progress level is basically the agriculture development level, decisive for market competitiveness and is the basis on which scientific and technological progress can solve all sorts of problems of agriculture. So it is significant to promote agriculture technology research. Agriculture development faces two irreversible trends for a long time, on one hand, there are more and more high expectations for agriculture, more need for constantly gradual progress of the agricultural function and urgent expansion in economic and social development, from source of basic life necessities, industrial raw materials to ecological environment improvement; On the other hand, resource foundation, the essence of agricultural development, is tightened daily, especially the imbalance between supply and demand of the water and soil resources will be sharpened. Here technological progress rise to alleviate this contradiction. This is a basic and long-term orientation for fundamental importance of agriculture development. But the issue of agriculture technological progress is far more complicated than imagined. The practice and process of agriculture technological progress involve human innovation, cooperative behaviors, trade, interaction between relevant subjects of technological progress, economic and social environment of technological progress, so it is not a definitely simple technological issue, but increasingly shown as both economic and social behavior, thus badly needing further investigation with new theory and method.This research bases on the system background of establishing and perfecting, socialist market economy system, the industry background of agricultural development entering a new stage of marketization and internationalization as well as the historical evolution background of agricultural science and technology system transforming from planned economy to market economy in an effort to adopt and draw lessons from the analysis frame of "the structure - the conduct - the performance " of me industrial organization theory. Through, using the theory and method of economics and management synthetically to tackle the problem of organization system, the present dissertation systematically analyses the relation between sci-technological organization systems and agriculture technological progress, in an attempt to study and explore the relevant problems of agriculture technological progress from, a new perspective. Establishment of the proposed countermeasures are capable to accelerate the agricultural technological progress and to make a contribution to advancing the reform of agriculturalscience and technology system, thus accelerating a new agricultural revolution in science and technology. The main view of this research is as follows:(1) The present research defines organization system of science and technology as the interaction between behavior subject of agriculture scientific and technological progress. It holds that agricultural science and technology, regarded as an innovative activity of agriculture scientific intelligence and technical staff, demonstrate coordination through division of labor and competition between numerous scientific and technological organizations and the related staff. Consequently, if we regard agricultural science and technology as an "industry", to study such problems as institutional framework, scale efficiency, cooperative relation as well as the industrial policy of agricultural scientific and technological activities, etc, it is not only feasible, but carries more theoretical and practical significance.(2) The scientific and technological organization system is playing a basic and decisive function in promoting agriculture technological progress. In a normal sense, the agriculture scientific and technical structural reform can be analyzed at three levels: first, a reform of techniques, such as adjustment of study orientation, shifting of research stress and enhancement of research investment, second, a reform of the mechanism, such as employment system, distribution system and operation management system, etc.; Third, a reform of system, such as establishing new system of agriculture scientific and technical innovation, construction of cooperative relation between scientific and technological organizations at different levels, in different fields, etc.. Among them reforms of the last two belong to the content of organizational system innovation. The drawbacks of traditional agriculture science and technology system, mostly caused by unreasonable organizational system exert an influence on not only technological innovation efficiency, but also effectiveness of technology transformation and utilization. To a large extent, the purpose of agriculture scientific and technical structural reform is to promote rationalization of scientific and technological organization system.(3) At the end of the 19th century, the agri-scientific research activity was separated operating from farming operation, with appearance of specialized and standardized agricultural science and technology organization, thus putting forward the important proposition for studying the issue of scientific and technological organization system in agriculture technological progress. From the perspective of history evolution, the organizational system of agriculture science and technology has been closely related with national and social system, political and culture configuration. In addition, rising and fallingperformance of political system also exerts a great influence on organization system development of agriculture science and technology.(4) The whole agriculture development history is basically of agricultural science and technology. The agriculture technological progress has made enormous contribution to agricultural development, which in turn is constantly developing and offering a new direction and motive force to agriculture technological progress. The break-through of scientific discovery and invention, great basic theory both is the source of agriculture technological progress, thus a qualitative leap occurring to impel agriculture technological progress. Agricultural science, as an applied science, together with its stronger regional adaptability and production dispersing type, benefited considerably from transformation of agriculture scientific and technical fruits.(5) At present, innovational institution framework of agriculture technique in our country is characteristic of the following: first, with larger scale, second, traditional management inertia being relatively strong, third, largely relying on the government. Management system is shown as "multiple departments, divided into different levels, dispersed for different types" in government, while in research and development organizations, it is shown as the "vertical structure under the same category, horizontally separated loose structure", and in between the institutions and the government, shown as administrative. On the whole, administrative relation is more important than market relation, the unofficial relation, belonging to "natural structure", plays an important function in organizational management of agriculture technological innovation. Consequently, to define function and responsibility of government's related departments, strengthen communication and link up with each other, set up and consult with the cooperative mechanism, are important content of administrative system reform in the future. To1 establish competition and cooperation of the main equal body between research and development organizations is also an important content of agriculture scientific and technical structural reform in future with no exception to establishing entrusted agency under macroscopic guidance and contract agreement relation between research and development organization and government.(6) Agriculture technological innovation also has scale economy effect as agriculture science and technology organizations have their own scale of adaptability. But under planned economic system, whose scale is totally "rigidity", a result of government's structure, not of market competition. So it is a necessity to strengthen market mechanism instruction and disposition of scientific and technological resources inside agriculture technological innovation organizations, and enhance inner inter^dynamic connection and mechanism, thusfundamentally improving scale economy. In a situation with asymmetric information system and farmers' poor distinguished ability, advertisement is an important means of publicizing differentiated products by agriculture technological innovation organizations.(7) Agricultural technology innovation subjects are typically characterized with obvious administrative relations (R&D institutions under administration), socialization (the given society run by institutes), a short term (lacking long-term planning), being obturated (with little communication with technical application subject and research and development organization) and offering free service. Most of the behavior characteristics are not result of market competition, but of current management system normalization, thus demonstrating obvious non-price behavior. When reflected in performance, most state-run agriculture research and development organization encounter financial affairs "close operation", together with such problems as serious repetition of scientific research facility purchase, low sharing and utilization ratio; poor mobility of scientific research staff, ill display of enthusiasm and creativity; faint consciousness of agricultural R&D institution and staff property right, low conversion ratio of the achievements; low combination degree of science and technology as well as obvious X - inefficient phenomenon.(8)National agricultural technology popularization organization is a multi-level, multi-specialization, large-scale and huge system with complicated relation, the "spindle body" structure with both ends synthesized and set up separately in the middle, while "the faultage" appears under the villages and towns. The agro-technical popularization organizations are under jurisdiction of agriculture administrative department at the same level, with a typical administrative subjection relation, and a professional guidance relation between agro-technical extension organizations of different levels, but as a result of special funds reduction, separation between different professions; this kind of relation tends towards weakening. The agro-technical popularization organizations are separated from agriculture R&D institution and agriculture university system and the relation is loose. The private agriculture technology transformation organizations mostly played the extended function of agriculture-related enterprises, mainly coordinated through a market mechanism with appearance of scattered structure. Its connection with the national agro-technology extension organizations is loose too, but possessing a tendency to go strong.(9) The popularization organization is characterized with the following "quasi administrative behavior", breaking away from fanners actual demand, being "marginalized", a combination of free and paid service, as well as lack of performance examination. In terms of conduct performance, the fund for special expenditure is in shortage; with agro-technicalstaff quality relatively low possessing aged knowledge; the extension methodology lags behind, "technological rack" and "last bank" phenomenon. As a result, its support to agriculture industry is reduced, and status in fanners' mind is downgraded and social assessment not high.(10) Farming households are most important subjects of agriculture technical application, as from them the sci-tech extension model and farmers' cooperative association can be derived. The agriculture-related enterprise is playing an increasingly great role in promoting agriculture technical application. The loose structure with weak tendency appears in farmers' colony, farmers' organization degree is low, and the relation between the agriculture-related enterprises is unstandardized in farmer households and its cooperative association, which is a main characteristic of institutional framework of present agriculture technical application.(11) The subject behavior of agriculture technical application is shown as: weak response to new technology demand, more generalized family concurrent property, strong imitativeness of agriculture technology adoption, outstanding demonstrativeness and driving characteristic of sci-tech model household, coexistence of farmers' potential subject consciousness and limited "expressiveness", farmers feeling satisfied after obtaining small scale wealth and insufficient innovative consciousness. The behavior performance is shown as: farmers relatively low quality, weak ability to obtain knowledge and technology, low registration rate of science and technology, slow innovation rate of technology, weak competitiveness of ago-product and agriculture "sideline production", difficulty in raising farmer' income and lack of long-term mechanism of constant farmers' income rise.(12) The horizontal, vertical and mixed integration of industry organization theory are equally adoptable in agri-tech organization conformity and upgrading, to facilitate raised efficiency of these organizations.Organizational countermeasures of promoting agriculture technological progress in our country proposed in this thesis can be summarized as: firstly, to promote unity and coordination between government macro adjustments and market mechanism regulation, through putting the relation of the government and sci-technological organizations in order; secondly, to strengthen the function of scientific and technological subjects and market competition subjects, by defining the status of agriculture sci-technology organizations in accordance with the law. Thirdly, to strengthen the organizational management of agriculture science and technology, under the guidance of "people first" and improve the organizational efficiency. Fourthly, to solve the problem of agriculture technology transformation, by setting up a pluralistic agriculture technology transforming system through multi-channels in omni-directions. Fifthly, the focus of construction is the grassroots agro-technical extension organizations in an effort to improve popularization service efficiency. Sixthly, stress should also be put to strengthen farmers' education and training, to employment shift, optimized structure of farmers' quality and employment. Seventhly, efforts are paid to foster sci-tech model, farmers' scientific and technological association, to improve organizational degree of applied technology. Eighthly, attention should be paid to build up steady agriculture growth of input and distribution mechanism in science and technology in accordance with the law, to improve service efficiency of government investments. Ninthly, to advance country and construction of innovation system of regional agricultural science and technology, by means of optimize integration of agriculture science and technology resources.The innovativeness and main contribution of this text is as follows, firstly, the innovation in terms of research approach by adopting the framework of "structure-conduct-performance" in industrial organization theory to study the organizational system of agriculture science and technology for the first time. It has analyzed the industry attribute of agricultural science and technology, described organization system countermeasure in agriculture technological progress. So it carries important theoretical and practical significance in enriching the research methods on agro-tech progress. Secondly, this thesis proposed the concept of "appropriate scale" of the agri-scientific research institutes and "differentiated" innovative products of agricultural science and technology for the first time, and uses the industrial organization theory to analyze its connotation, denotation and policy meaning. In terms of advancing agriculture science and technology construction of innovation system in our country, improving agri-scientific research efficiency, optimizing competition and cooperation of agri-scientific research institutes; there are far-reaching meanings. Thirdly, from the aspect of industrial organization, it has studied the institutional framework of farmers' organizational structure, analyzed the reason for farmers' "loose" institutional framework, and described the conducts and performance characteristics of farmers adopting technology in case of being loosely organized. So there is very strong directive significance not only in advancing agriculture technical application, but offering reference value in solving the key issue of agriculture, farmers and rural economy. Fourthly, it takes the system, transition and the new phase of agro-development as the study background to explore the agro-technique by offering strong evidence, so the conclusion bears more directive power.
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