| With china put six forestry important projects into effect, such as natural forest protection, returning farmland to forest etc, the Chinese government has show great determination and captivation to bring ecological issue under control in front of hole world. The idea about forest resource has been changed from just only seeking after economical function in past time to now ecological, social, cultural and environmental function. Under this background, our country's forestry economy has come to a new transformation, in which has a key point to achieve economics sustainable development of forest ecological product. This paper has explicated the concept and specificities of forest ecological products, using many theory, such as externality, public goods, ecological system, labor value, property right, value compensation, environment reproduction, to analyze the compensation cause of forest ecological products. From economics point of view, explained the decision of compensation standard, the source and management of capital; From law point of view, discussed the right, obligation and responsibility of every subject related to compensation process; The emphasis of this paper is to design new compensation system according to the issue which exist in current practice . Chapter 1, Introduction. Beginning with raising questions, it expounds the subject background, the significance, the purpose, the thinking and method of the study and study tends both here and abroad, then, poses impossible creative part in thesis. Chapter2, The conception and theory of forest ecological product. We clear-cut the basic denotative and connotative of the conception that are confused and disagreed in the recent study of forest ecological product, and make all the study subjects agree on. Second, it stresses at the particularity of forest ecological product during production, because it's a basic principle that must follow and consider in all the study. At last, it raises a conclusion that the nation should take a important role in the production,supply and distribution. Chapter3,The externality and public forest ecological product. The externality theory and public product are two bases on studying forest ecological product. First, the chapter analyzes how the ecological products show externality during all links of reproductive course, and then by contrast, it also analyzes the advantages and the disadvantages of virious ways that resolve the externality of forest ecological product. At last, according to our country's practice, it put forward that supplying by nation directly and levying to compensation for forest ecological product are two effective channels to solve the externality, and the tax of forest ecological product will be the final choice with the market-economic developing. Chapter four, Calculating the value of the forest ecological products. Through the evaluating purpose, commenting to the existing methods of forest ecological products value, find that It is not feasible to confirm forest ecological value of product and compensate forest ecological value through evaluating the external benefit of forest ecological product, we must adjust the original thinking of research. The conclusion is that the labor value theory remains the most scientific theoretical foundation of forest ecological product. It suggest that to compensate the economic losses that the transformation of the forest leading utilizing way brings about the reduction of felling amount, this's the essence. Chapter five,The basis and the practice of value compensation of forest ecological product. Analyze and sum up the necessity of our country forest ecological product value, the experience that the specific place has already succeeded and ubiquitous question in the pilot practice of ecological products of forest of our country, especially compensation standard is too low, too simple. The unreasonable problem of compensation standard will be the more important in following study. Chapter six,The primary condition and the subject of the compensation. The primary condition is to confirm the basic principle and the guiding ideology of compensation, and to confirm the compensation range and carry on ecological public welfare forest zoning. The compensation subject includes the invested responsibility subject and the responsibility subject of compensation object. The design of these key elements is an essential condition of compensation. Especially put forward under the existing principle that compensate by who is policy benefited from forest ecological product, we should add the compensation subject who directly be responsible to or be benefited from the forest ecological product; we should have priority to compensate in such forest zones of non-state-owned public sector as the collective, individual, etc; the forest build by the owner of collective forestry and other small-scale forestry should become key compensation object directly, should be compensated and put in place at first; The key compensation Should give to the operator of artificial forest who pour a large sum of money into totally; Should distinguish the differently source of revenue and compensate the operator who provide the public welfare forest without economic source ofrevenue . Chapter seven,The compensation standard of forest ecological products. The main conclusion is as follows: it is not only to compensate to cost of forest ecological product but also to the profit. With the further improvement of the national power, should carry out the transition from insufficient compensation progressively to sufficient compensation; It is the value compensation instead of benefit compensation; Compensation standard should be confirmed mainly according to reduce volume of income that operator of public welfare forest has sustained, the paper has designed the five developing stage of compensation standards according to concrete conditions of our country, thus specify putting the compensation standard in place progressively. In addition, discuss the future follow-up compensation standard issue that the compensation time-limit of returning farming land to ecological forest expires 2-3 years late. Chapter eight, The fund source of compensation and the management of the fund compensation. The main problem in practice of compensation is the lack of fund, the uncompleted compensation standard. Proposed 6 fund raising channel, such as the subsidized finance, the added tax revenue, the public welfare forest build expenses undertaken by beneficiary, issue national debt, accepting contribution, imposing the afforesting-fee of whole people voluntary forestation. Should set up the system of special compensation fund of forest ecological product witch should set up special finance account and implement differentiated control on the macroscopic management. Must set up the system of signing for claim on microcosmic management. Finally planned the range, distribution and whereabouts of using of funds. Chapter nine, compensation time limit and compensation system design. Compensation time should be defined. The ecological forest product should be compensated until purchased by the government, or compensated till it can be felled when the public welfare forest is ripe. And yet we can't have no compensation time limit. Combining at present actual conditions of returning farmland to ecological forest, also propose follow-up compensation time limit of returning land for farming to ecological forest. Besides channel of compensating by government, we should also strengthen the setting-up of market compensation channel. Government is not the only way to compensate ecological product, government can also utilize economic means and market means to promote improvement of ecological product. Set up the compensation operation mechanism of declaring, examination and approval, fund are appropriated and implementation. Set up management and protection system and mode ofstate-run state-management, collective-run family management and protect and contract manage. Make the managerial system of public welfare forest in order further. Chapter ten,upporting system of public welfare forest ecological product compensation. Having one provider of economic compensation is not all way can solve all problems to realize forest ecological product sustainable development, but there should be other supporting policies and other supplementary measures. Improve nationwide the system of forest ecological products compensation by really realizing the forestry classification and management as soon as possible; Diversify industry of forest region, many kinds of items to manage, to seek more economy support, to form the policy system of the substituting industry, in order to realize the purpose that a public welfare forest operator compensates oneself and compensating indirectly. The government should use various kinds of means to distribute resources of the ecological products of forest rationally and synthetically; Develop the goods-forests in order to increase the supply of the ecological products of forest; Reform existing legal frame to increase the legislation constriction and regulation that guarantee forest ecological product supply in a more cost-effective manner; Accelerate the development of the non-public forestry; Adjust the system of felling of the forestry, lighten restrictions on forestry; Set up the mechanism of multi-management subject of public welfare forest; Promote to set up our country public financial foundation of system by the opportunity that set up forest. ecological product compensation system...
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