Studies On Nonagricultural Employment Of Rural Labor In China

Fanners' employment is a serous economic and social problem Chinese government confronts. Agriculture itself cannot absorb the huge amount of surplus rural labor due to many factors such as the fact of 'large population versus scarce land', the influence of WTO and so on. Only farmers' transition to nonagricultural industries can gradually solve the employment of surplus rural labor. Based on extensive exploration of the nonagricultural employment of Chinese surplus rural labor and the rule of integrating theory and practice, this research advances a model to solve this problem from three perspectives, namely, government policies, enterprise management issue and farmers' employability.The dissertation is composed of 8 chapters in logical order with 24 sections. The preface clarifies the research background, the purpose and significance of the topic, literature review, the train of thoughts, methodology and the framework of this research. Chapter 2 examines the international experience of farmers' nonagricultural employment. After summarizing the experience of several countries and analyzing the current situation of China, the research figures out several issues that should be paid attention to in the process of expanding fanners' nonagricultural employment in China. Chapter 3 comprehensively analyzes theoretical models such as Lewis-Fei-Ranis Model and Todaro Model of Population Flow. Given the features of Chinese economy and population flow, each model has its hypotheses and limitations. In exploring the farmers' nonagricultural employment in China, appropriate models and policies should be chosen.From chapter 4 to chapter 7 is the main body of this dissertation exploring the current situation, trend and employability of the nonagricultural employment of rural labor. Chapter 4 analyzes the cunent situation of farmers' nonagricultural employment, some barriers such as some systems, industrial structure and farmers' physiological issues, and the internal external factors to influence farmers' nonagricultural employment. In chapter 5, the farmers' employment in cities is examined. This chapter discusses the reasons for working in cities, the significance and the trend of the kind of employment, exploring the "mingonghuang" phenomena, and also puts forward the strategies to expand fanners'employment in urban areas. Chapter 6 discusses the fanners' employment in countryside; studies the solutions to expand fanners' nonagricultural employment in rural areas from the perspectives of agricultural industrialization and township enterprises. Chapter 7 analyzes the employability of rural labor and therefore suggests that the enhancement of framers' employability is the prerequisite to solve the problem of farmers' nonagricultural employment finally. According to the opinion, the dissertation examines the essence of farmers' employability, and brings up the basic framework of how to enhance farmer's employability. Based the research results and possible reform of government behavior in the process of realizing farmers' nonagricultural employment, chapter 8 advances the three-layer model of employment based on the equilibrium of labor supply and demand, exploring the countermeasures and strategies to solve farmers' nonagricultural employment form the three layers.The innovations in the dissertation are as follows.1.On the basis of extensive exploration of the nonagricultural employment of Chinese surplus rural labor, this research brings up the three-layer model of employment, offering a new omnidirectional train of thought to solve the problem. The first layer is farmers themselves, focusing on the enhancement of their employability. Namely, farmers should change their opinions on employment with the development of economy in urban and rural areas; actively participate in professional training programs and education programs to improve their skill and education levels. The second layer is enterprises, concentrating on decisions and choices of strategies in management process. The third layer is the support of government policies, which lies in rationalization of industry structure, the strategies for developing administrative towns, increasing the investment in education and infrastructure in countryside and reforms of other policies.2.The research advances 'environment-resources' equilibrium strategy for the sustainable development of. township enterprises. The resources of township enterprises are their special location advantages, abundant cheap labor or particular physical resources, based on which their core businesses of the early stage are established. Though a kind of core business may exist for a long time, township enterprises should modify the core business or innovate with the change of external social/economic environment, market environment and competition environment. By maintaining the equilibrium betweenenvironment and resources, township enterprises can achieve the sustainable development and continuously act as the important channel to absorb surplus rural labor.3.The research brings up a model of enhancing farmers' employability, which identifies 3 categories and 11 personal traits. The traits of 3 categories concern with technology, personal communication and conceptual ideas, acting as the prerequisite to get jobs and career development for farmers. Besides their own efforts, the enhancement of farmers' employability requires support systems, including the guarantee system of foundation education, professional training system, the system of information network of labor market and the system of employment instruction.