Study On Efficiency Of Chinese Road Tolling System

The road tolling system and relative theory in China came into being under the special condition that the road infrastructure hindered the economy seriously. After more than ten years' construction of road infrastructure, the bottleneck of it is releasing. At the same time, because the great deal of existent toll way connected into network and occupied the main stem, the negative influence that tolling system put on the resource's flowage and national economy's improvement become more and more notable. Under this background, the tolling theory mainly on the analysis of single road can hardly lead the improvement of tolling system and road construction. It becomes an urgent task to study the efficiency of tolling system to national economy.Beginning with studying the mechanism of economic impacts of road investment, this paper divided the contribution of investment into effects of investment flow and effects of increase of existent capital firstly. Then the paper pointed out that the principal theory to explain the effects of flow is multiplier theory, and it is short-term impact. Increase of capital can change the social's structure and promote the upgrade of industry, so it will influence economy longer. In China, the main way that road investment contribute economy is increase of capital. After analyzed the main methods to calculate the economic contribution of road investment, the paper draws the conclusion that multiplier theory pays more attention on the short-term effects, and the result of the input-output analysis is in fact the room of economic development that investment brings. Only the production function method takes the two effects into account, and the relative result reflects the trends of economy. So it is reasonable to choose the production function method.Through calculated the economy datum, and then analyzed the tolling system with value flow theory, the paper pointed out that with the increase of highway and toll-way, the impact that the tolling system put on economy will change from promoting to balance, if the system were not adjusted in time, it will finally hinder the improvement of economy. Under a district hypothesis, and with the theory and method of public economics, the paper deduced the optimal condition of tolling system to national economy. The condition is that marginal benefit of investment equals to the opportunity cost. Based on the results above, the paper discussed the basic condition to carry tolling system, analyzed the three phases of tolling system and the features of each phases, gave the method to judge which phase it is and what the right policy is.Finally, the paper analyzed the theory and the actuality of Chinese tolling system, pointed out that there are two ways to enhance the efficiency of tolling system. The first is to improve the pricing theory, and a new theory focusing on the benefit of the road user is brings forward. The second is to improve the theory of road compensation. A thought of new method to compensate road capital is put forward, and the significance is explained.