Research On Contract Mechanism Of Supply Chain

With increasing globalization, the competition among enterprises has been the competition among supply chains. The coordination has been one of the important tasks in supply chain management. The contract mechanism is an important means of supply chain coordination. Based on supply chain contracts mechanism, the researches have developed on macro level and micro level surrounding contract mechanism, such as the negotiation mechanism, delivery contract, multiple-contract and contract feasible set. The goal is to strengthen coordination among members and improve efficiency in supply chain. The main research works and conclusions are listed as follows:(1) The general processes of contract negotiation mechanism are founded. The negotiation is defined and the negotiation theory– Sackelberg game is expressed. Since supply chain has some special features, such as distribution, inhomogeneity, the general processes of contract negotiation mechanism are founded resort to Agent theory. Firstly, the members of range in process of negotiation are cut down using fuzzy-cluster method when one of members provides a contract to negotiate, which aims at decreasing the cost of communication and time. Secondly, the argy-bargy programs are simulated by Zeuthen models. At last, the process of negotiation is described by formalization language.(2) The three-levels delivery contract considering lead time is founded. The concept and classification of lead time are defined. The delivery integration is put forward. The close- relationship between delivery and inventory is discussed. Based on the assumption that demand is constant, the Single-Setup-Multiple-Delivery (SSMD) model is studied. The number of deliveries, focusing on SSMD model, is discussed emphatically. In the proposed SSMD model, the lead time of raw material supplier is considered and the production of the manufacturer is affected by the lead time. The cost functions of the supply chain, consisting of the raw material supplier, the manufacturer and the buyer, are built respectively. By minimizing the cost of the supply chain, the optimal number of deliveries is obtained in non-cooperation policy and cooperation policy separately. The interval of the number of deliveries, which can save the cost, compared to the Single-Setup-Single-Delivery model, is also analyzed in non-cooperation policy and cooperation policy.(3) The multiple-contracts which can improve supply chain's efficiency are founded. The reasons for pursuing multiple-contracts are discussed, the pre-conditions for building multiple-contracts are described, the formulation models of multiple-contracts are founded. Based on the above discussion, revenue-sharing contract on the wholesale price contract is analyzed emphatically. Firstly, the math models of multiple-contracts are founded. Furthermore, the parameters and efficiency in three cases, centralized control, single-contract, multiple-contracts, are compared. The results validate the positive improvement for efficiency of supply chain.(4) The feasible set of contract is founded. Because supply chain bears dynamic features and uncertainty, the contract parameters aren't the accurate values, but an interval. The purpose is to expand the range of contract parameter and provide a convergent method of contract negotiation. Firstly, the concept of feasible set of contract is defined and the properties are discussed. Furthermore, aiming at the two types of the wholesale price contract, Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) and Retailer-Managed Inventory (RMI), the feasible set of contract is solved singly, in which the best order quantities are been as the contract parameter. The size of the feasible set of contract in VMI and RMI are compared.(5) The primitive system of contract negotiation is founded. Firstly, the contents of Web Services are introduced, such as, the composition, theory, construction and level relationship of Web Services. Furthermore, the Web Services expression of the processes and language of negotiation are described, and the primitive framework is founded.