Studies On Measures Of Poverty Reduction In Less Populous Ethnic Group Areas Based On The Sustainable Development

There are 22 minority nationalities with less population in our country including Gaoshan, Blang, Salar, Maonan, Achang, Primi, Tajik, Nu, Uzbek, Russian, Ewenki, De'ang, Banan, Yugur, Gin, Tatar, Derung, Oroqen, Hezhe, Monba, Lhopa, Jino. They mainly live in Heilongjiang province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Gansu province, Qinghai province, XinJiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Tibet Autonomous Region, Yunnan province, Guizhou province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Fujian province. Population of minority nationalities with less population is 632434, accounting for 0.05 percent of national population or 0.6 percent of minority population.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, economic, social and cultural development of less populous ethnic group areas has greatly speeded up, and the living standard of the people has improved significantly. However, due to historic, environmental and traditional reasons, the economic and social development of the areas is still at a low level, and some areas are poor within the whole area and a large number of people are in poverty. It is known from a survey that the poverty incidence of minority nationalities with less population is about 23 percent, and some even above 50 percent, which is much higher than national poverty incidence. More studies showed that the characteristics of poverty in the less populous ethnic group areas mainly embodied higher poverty incidence, lower quality of life, insufficient economic supply capacity, remarkable domino effect of poverty era different, and obvious regional poverty.To increase the efficiency of poverty reduction in less populous ethnic group areas, speed up their poverty reduction pace and achieve common prosperity of all nationality is very important for accelerating nationality unity, promoting the border stability, strengthening social stability, maintaining ecological balance. It was announced in"the statement of Chinese government poverty reduction", issued by Chinese government in Global Conference on Poverty Reduction in Shanghai in 2004 that"to speed up poverty reduction in 22 less populous ethnic group areas in order to achieve the aim of poverty reduction in these areas ahead of other nationalities".The objectives of the studies were to analyze the causes of poverty, the layout of poverty reduction, the patterns of poverty reduction, the institutional system of poverty reduction, and at last to provide some recommendations and suggestions to improve poverty reduction policy formulation and poverty reduction practice in the less populous ethnic group areas.This paper studied the mechanism of poverty in the less populous ethnic group areas by using the theories of Amartya Sen, sustainable development, human capital, social stratification and life cycle. Amartya Sen holds that poverty is not only a lower income, but more important the deprivation of basic ability of the poor. The real cause of poverty is that the poor are deprived of their opportunities and abilities to make money. Although poverty of the less populous ethnic group areas shows a low income, in fact, the root cause is their low capacity and fewer opportunities to make money.The results showed that many factors synthetically prevented the minority nationalities with less population from improving their capacity and opportunities of making money, which resulted in a low-grade, inefficient, steady and a regional poverty system in these areas, and the level of sustainable development greatly influenced their capacities to make more money.The lower level of sustainable development of population, resource and environment and inconsistency of within and between the economical system, social system and ecosystem negatively affected the efficiency of poverty reduction in the less populous ethnic group areas, such as the scarcities of the human capital, the natural capital and the economic capital led to lower capacity and less opportunities of the people to generate income. If not sufficient attention was paid to the sustainable development, it was still impossible to fundamentally reduce the poverty in the less populous ethnic group areas.Improving the ability of the poor to increase their income must go on with increasing ecological capital, maintaining the productivity of environment resources, keeping the integrity of ecosystem, defending ecological degradation and improving biodiversity. By recovering and improving ecological environment, and coordinating the mode and the path of poverty reduction within the capacity of environmental resources in the less populous ethnic group areas, to make the ecological potential increase more than economic potential increase and avoid economic growth beyond environmental ability or ecology ability restricting economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the level of the sustainable development in the less populous ethnic group areas in order to promote the ability to raise their income.This paper evaluated the effect of Chinese poverty reduction in the minority nationalities areas, and studied the current situation of minority nationalities, the causes of poverty, measures and successful experiences of poverty reduction in developed countries. Based on the studies, some recommendations and suggestions on poverty reduction were put forwarded.At last, based on above studies and sustainable development theory, some analyses on poverty reduction in less populous ethnic group areas were carried out and a instructive and operative mode of poverty reduction and measurement were made.The following principles of making policies for poverty reduction in less populous ethnic group areas were put forward by this paper: improving the ability of the poor to earn more money was the core, applying the notion of sustainable development theory to instruct government in making poverty reduction policies, harmonizing the relationship between poverty reduction and environment protection. Strategies and measures were made for poverty reduction in the less populous ethnic group areas by this paper as follows:1) Establishing a mechanism of poverty reduction in which different stockholder participate; 2) Increasing capital input in the poverty reduction; 3) Improving the mechanism of public goods supply; 4) Advancing the level of sustainable development; 5) Strengthening the legal guarantee.